The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Germany

Animals in Captivity - 659 Words

Animals in Captivity Are zoos cruel to animals? Within the United States of America there are known of at least â€Å"three hundred and fifty zoos† that are still active (Zoo Stats.). Zoos contain animals such as elephants, lions, tigers, giraffes, penguins, and gorillas which are placed in cages for human observation and studies. This type of close up observation and interactions can help benefit humans however, can cause harm to the animals mentally and physically due to human input in changing animal routines (PETA). For example, animals living in zoos do not have to compete for food, territory, mates, or dominance which basically constructs them to lose their wildlife survival instincts and abilities. We should consider having more national parks than zoos because this action of taking wild animals from their wild habitats and placing them behind in cages is cruel. The loss of survival instincts and abilities in wild animals are sometimes cause by human interactions such a s placing them in zoos. When animals are in zoos they are fed daily without any struggle or awareness like animals in the wild. For example, lions in captivity do not have to compete as aggressively as they would in the wild because, humans are providing such significant participation when giving out food and water out effortlessly. This takes away the survival skills such as â€Å"effectively hunting and dominance† in the wild because whether big or small the lion will get something to eat (PETA). Due toShow MoreRelatedAnimals In Captivity2002 Words   |  9 PagesAnimals In Captivity Wild animals are known as â€Å"wild† animals for a purpose. If wild animals were intended to be kept shut up in a jail, also known as a zoo, then what exactly is the point of contacting them wild animals anymore? Zoo authorities use many justifications to back up their place that having wild animals in captivity is necessary, but those justifications are neither moral nor necessary enough reasons to deny animals of their organic right to independence. Even under the best of conditionsRead MoreAnimal And The Presentation Of Captivity1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe panthers advocate, our observatory narrator, acts almost as a conduit. The title gives implications of a third person narrative, yet Rilke channels the animals emotional state also, affirming how â€Å"He feels†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .The speakers attempt to steal the â€Å"gaze† of the restrained feline’s â€Å"misted† vision, is convincing. Although misted, we are given a clear insight, of the monotonou s and bound lifestyle of the undomesticated cat. We are informed that the panther is so powerless behind the bars, to the pointRead MoreThe Captivity Of Wild Animals1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe captivity of wild animals has been a highly debated topic for many years. Zoos and aquariums are huge attractions and can be found all over the world. Movies such as Black Fish and Unlocking the Cage showcase some of the troubling behaviors animals in captivity portray. Advocates for animal rights can use these movies to push their agenda and people who oppose these films say they are forms of propaganda. The fact of the matter is that it does not matter what side of the argument that you areRead MoreEssay on Animals in Captivity2418 Words   |  10 Pages They laugh and smile as they watch the animals at the zoo sleep. What these children do not realize is that these animals are dying on the inside. Animals that live at the zoo are extremely depressed. These animals can suffer severe psy chological disorders from being out of their natural environment. But others argue that keeping these animals in captivity will help keep endangered species alive. However, the disadvantages of keeping animals in captivity are becoming more and more serious, and moreRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1588 Words   |  7 PagesJennifer Smith McGowen English 4 20 October 2017 Animals Should Not Be Held in Captivity Animal captivity has been an ongoing debate for over 60 years. There should be no question about whether animal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusive trainingRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1590 Words   |  7 PagesSmith McGowen English 4 20 October 2017 Rough Draft Animals Should Not Be Held in Captivity Animal captivity has been an ongoing debate for over 60 years. There should be no question about whether animal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusiveRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1560 Words   |  7 PagesAnimals are often prevented from doing most of the activities that are natural to them, like roaming, choosing a partner, and being with others of their own kind. Animals that live under human care are in captivity. Captivity is the keeping of either domesticated animals or wild animals. There are multiple arenas that teach people that it is acceptable to interfere with animals and keep them locked in captivity, where they are cramped, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Deprived of the opportunityRead MoreKeeping Animals Captivity Is Not An Option1962 Words   |  8 PagesName: Instructor: Course: Date: Keeping Animals in Captivity Is Not an Option There is almost no place on the Earth, not known to the human being, which convinces people of their power over the nature. Most of the household animals were domesticated a long time ago, in the times of Neolithic era. Society has gone far beyond the usual understanding of the treatment of animals. Which of them we should keep our distance from and which just need to be held in captivity? Which of them would require humanRead MoreWild Animals Should NOT Be Kept in Captivity2736 Words   |  11 Pagesour planet. As humans, and the superior species on Earth, we put exotic animals, aquatic and terrestrial, in zoos or aquariums where people can go to see them to learn more about them in order to protect them. It just so happens that by putting these animals into captivity, we are causing more damage to them, just as damage is occurring in the wild and more species are becoming extinct. Animals should not be held in captivity; it does not save them from going extinct, but helps kill th em off. TheRead MoreLife Experience of Sea Animals in Captivity2053 Words   |  9 Pagesin the air on command by whistle. These tricks draw guests into the park. What may seem to be fun for the viewer, is torture for the mammals. There is a deadly truth behind all sea mammals in captivity: they don’t survive well there. Though sea mammals provide entertainment, they do not belong in captivity. Imagine being at home and then somebody broke in and you were forced, without any choice, to join the circus. This is what the mammals have to go through every day. It is not fair for the mammals

Brandywine Battlefield Park Free Essays

Brandywine Battlefield is considered as one historical park under Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site Associates. It is located on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The history of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the American revolution takes place here and it was a major victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay sample on Brandywine Battlefield Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1949, This battlefield was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the morning up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon. Talking about the geographical location of the battlefield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek   in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the land where the major battle of American revolution takes place. the creek is one major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental Congress both in Philadelphia. It is also the crossroads of the Thirteen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies. In the park you will see reenactors who portrays Hessian mercenaries, quaker farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourist about the battlefield and the park. hands on activities are also given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships. Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the United States Congress   20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007) As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park was once a site of a thriving farming community before the battle. there are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 appearance and can e viewed by everyone inside. The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is also located in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house there are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the period of stay of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cross the river. inside this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies. It was also burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its original 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township. On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is also restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis   de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle. The visitors center inside the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to entertain visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place. there is also a   permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story of the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777.   the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of Brandywine Brandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available.   Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also found where friendly park personnels can be found for further assistance during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park. The Battlefield Park brings the action to life through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought. Work Cited Webster, Nancy V. A Commonwealth Treasure: Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007 How to cite Brandywine Battlefield Park, Papers Brandywine Battlefield Park Free Essays Brandywine Battlefield is considered as one historical park under Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site Associates. It is located on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The history of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the American revolution takes place here and it was a major victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay sample on Brandywine Battlefield Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1949, This battlefield was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the morning up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon. Talking about the geographical location of the battlefield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek   in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the land where the major battle of American revolution takes place. The creek is one major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental Congress both in Philadelphia. it is also the crossroads of the Thirteen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies. In the park you will see reenactors who portrays Hessian mercenaries, quaker farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourist about the battlefield and the park. hands on activities are also given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships. Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the United States Congress   20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007) As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park was once a site of a thriving farming community before the battle. there are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 appearance and can e viewed by everyone inside. The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is also located in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house there are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the period of stay of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cross the river. Inside this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies. It was also burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its original 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township. On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is also restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis   de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle. The visitors center inside the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to entertain visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place. there is also a   permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story of the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777.   the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of Brandywine Brandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available.   Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also found where friendly park personnels can be found for further assistance during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park. The Battlefield Park brings the action to life through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought. Work Cited Webster, Nancy V. A Commonwealth Treasure: Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007 How to cite Brandywine Battlefield Park, Papers

Business law Competition of Busineessn Procuct

Question: Describe about the Business law for /Competition of Busineessn Procuct. Answer: 1. As per the given study, Bill and Jill intended to purchase a cafe on 1st July 2016 from the Dodgy Pty. Ltd. Therefore, the offer was made from behalf of Bill and Jill to the Dodgy Pty. Ltd. There exists an offer in the contract made between the two parties. The ownership of the cafe was obtained as the offer was made keeping certain considerations and terms in the offer. There exists acceptance of the offer in the present case. Thus, opinion can be made that the contract between Bill and Jill along with Dodgy Pty. ltd is a valid contract as there was consideration made followed with acceptance of the offer. Nevertheless, the case focuses on another added factor that is worth the discussion. As per the law, a contract can be considered void or illegal, if there is deceptive or misconduct present, certain specific matters are misinterpreted and the conduct is unconscionable in nature. In the given case, the Dodgy Pty. Ltd had cheated the other party by dishonestly stating that the weekly takings of the cafe is $ 10,000. The estimated cost of the business was stated to be $3000 per week. However, while continuing the business, Bill and Jill came to know that the weekly taking was about $2000 on an average that as lower that their cost. Therefore, it can be inferred that there has been a misinterpretation of the terms and conditions of the contract made between Bill and Jill and the Dodgy Pty. Ltd. There is a need for the plaintiff to enter as misinterpretation of contracts signifies false statement. Three elements are useful in establishing the misinterpretation of contract. The three type s of misinterpretation are negligent, fraudulent and innocent misinterpretation. Fraudulent misinterpretation can be termed as that statement that is undertaken with the intention to mislead the plaintiff fraudulent interpretation and simultaneously remain ignorant about the truth. The given case indicates that a fraudulent interpretation has been carried out as Dodgy Pty. ltd provided Bill and Jill with a false statement that was done intentionally. The false statement regarding the weekly takings and the cost of the business is a fraudulent misinterpretation carried out by Dodgy Pty. Ltd. The Australia Consumer Law, Chapter 2 and section 18 (1) states that ambiguous or unreliable contract with a party in a contract is strictly prohibited. On addition, the misinterpretation or false statement about goods and services are even prohibited by the Australian Consumer Law Section 29. The section of the act allows the sufferer to claim penalty from the defendants (Austlii.edu.au. 2015). Bill and Jill is therefore eligible for claiming for the damaged they suffered from Dodgy Pty. Ltd. or the contract will be considered as an inexistent. A person can be changed guilty if as per the Misrepresentation Act 1972 Part 2, the person wrongly interprets the contract. In this case, the corporate body is responsible for the offense to which Jill and Bill are entitled. The corporations are restricted from conducting any sort of misleading act or deceiving act by the Trade Practices Act 1794 Section 52 (Martinluitingh.com. 2014). Thus, Bill and Jill are allowed to claim the loss and damages they suffered from the contract. On the other hand, Dodgy Pty. Ltd is responsible for paying for the damages to Bill and Jill based on the Fair trade Act 1987 Section 56. This law also with the misleading conduct that restricts performing misleading act while conducting trade or business with other parties. 2. As per the given case, the pizza business is running successfully that is owned by Hugh. Since, Hugh intended to trim down the operating cost of the business devoid of carrying out listing of the papers, they used to advertise the business, and a serious issue came up. The company faced issues as they offered stale and outdated ingredients in the food products they sold although the company advertised and claimed to use only fresh ingredients. A number of customers were reported to fall sick while one of them died out of serious food poisoning. Based on the above issues, there are several number of laws related to these issues. The government and the customers are allowed to take significant legal action on the company that is found guilty on this context. As the business owner had no registration of the documents, yet the advertising process is carried out makes the business owner guilty under the law of Business Names Registration Act 2011 Part 2 and Section 18 (Divanbeigi and R amalho 2015). As per this act, it can be stated that it is a serious offense to carry out business in an unregistered manner. section 18 (1) of the act specially stresses that if a trade runs on a name that is unregistered in the register of Business names, then it is a crime and the owner can be punished for the act. The penalty unit is $ 110, which is one of the 30 penalty units considered in the act (Legislation.nsw.gov.au. 2016). As the owner of the business, advertises UberPizzaDelivery service without registering its documents with the law, makes the person offensive under the Business Names Registration Act 2011 Part 2 and Section 18 (Legislation.gov.au. 2014). The Food Safety and Standards can also be considered appropriate for the given case and the Food Act of 2003 and Food Regulation act 2015 are associated with the issue. Under the Food Act of 2013, the business owner is guilty as he uses stale and unfit ingredients that cause the consumers to fall ill. Selling of unsafe food is a serious offense under the part 2 and section 14 of the act. The section restricts the sellers from selling food products in the market that are unfit for the consumption. As Hugh was selling stale and un-fresh food to the customers, he is liable as per the act. Hugh might have to suffer from two years of imprisonment or a penalization of 1000 penalty units ir even both if the customers suffering from poor health owing to the food value, takes action with the help of the act. According to section 14 (2), as the owner was quite aware of the use of unsafe ingredients into the food production, makes him answerable (Austlii.edu.au. 2016). The section states that s elling food even after knowing that the food is unsafe is a crime. In case of a corporate, a penalty of 3750 punishment units can be charged if found guilty and seven fifty fine units when an individual is found guilty. Moreover, under the section 15 of Food act in 2003, Hugh is responsible as it offers stale and outdated ingredients even though it advertises using fresh ingredients. The act deals with the delivery of counterfeit food report through promotion. Section 15 (1) and (2) of the food act 2003, that if an entity have partial or complete knowledge about the fact that the customers are relied on the description of food given by the owner and might face health issues from the consumption of such food and yet provides fake description can be severely punished. An imprisonment of up to two years or 1000 punishment units or equally can be charged on the business owner, if found guilty. Under the Food Regulations Act 2015 Part 2 Clause 8, the customers are able to take legal action Hugh as the person has been carrying out business that is not registered. Under the Australian Consumer Law (194), the distressed party can take actions. As per the law, if an offers goods that are against the safety standards it is an offence and legal actions can be taken against the supplier. The individual found guilty is liable to pay $220000 while the corporate needs to pay an amount of $1100000 (Austlii.edu.au. 2015). Hugh is liable to pay the customers for their loss and damages, as he is found guilty under the personal liability as well as the vicarious liability for ignoring the duty of being carefull. The consumers have the power to take the person to court that might end up closing down of the business completely (Kitagawa 2015). In the given case, the fraudulent misinterpretation have taken place as a false description about the products are delivered to the customers to make the customers interested in buying the products. Therefore, under the Australian Consumer Law Section 29, the owner of the pizza business needs to face a pecuniary penalty paid to the customers. An example of the huge false representation made by the business is ACCC v Giraffe World Australia Pty Ltd (1999). References Austlii.edu.au. (2015). COMPETITION AND CONSUMER ACT 2010 - SCHEDULE 2The Australian Consumer Law. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2015). MISREPRESENTATION ACT 1972. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/ma1972224/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2016). TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 No. 51, 1974 - SECT 52Misleading or deceptive conduct.. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/tpa1974149/s52.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Australiancontractlaw.com. (2016). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/legislation/cthacl.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Divanbeigi, R. and Ramalho, R., 2015. Business regulations and growth.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7299). Kitagawa, Z., 2015.Administrative Regulations(Vol. 4). Doing Business in Japan. Legislation.gov.au. (2014). Business Names Registration Act 2011. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011A00126/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Legislation.nsw.gov.au. (2016). NSW Legislation. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/2003/43/part2 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Martinluitingh.com. (2014). Trade Practices Act - Martin Luitingh Barrister. [online] Available at: https://www.martinluitingh.com/trade-practices-act.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016].

The Modern KKK Essays - Holocaust Deniers, KKKK,

The Modern KKK Although the modern Ku Klux Klan, or KKK, is not the same group that terrorized African - Americans in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they still have the same basic goals and ideas. There are many local and regional KKK groups such as the Oregon Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is the national and largest organization, but the only one seeking a political agenda. They are the group that claims they are keeping alive the spirit and ideas of the original Klansmen. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, or the KKKK, was formed in Louisiana in 1956. They have had many national directors, or Grand Wizards that led the group. The first Grand Wizard of the KKKK was former Louisiana State representative David Duke. Another notable Grand Dragon was Tom Metzger, who now heads a White supremacy group called the White Aryan Resistance. Today, the Grand Dragon of the KKKK is Pastor Thomas Robb. The KKKK claims that they are not racist, but rather they are "racialist." This means that they do not necessarily hate any one particular race based on skin color, but they love the White race and have "White pride." Most of their ideas are centered on this concept. Therefore, the first and foremost thing that the KKKK stands for is the White Race. They say that the White Race is the "irreplaceable hub of our Nation, our Christian faith, and the high levels of Western culture and technology" ("Intro to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan"). The KKKK believes that the only way to achieve their goals is to have a United States with all White people living in it, and there should be absolutely no integration. Another thing that the KKKK stands for is "America first." This means that they think the interests of the United States should be put before those of any other nation. It is basically a policy of protectionism because the KKKK also does not want any foreign influence or interests in the United States. Another aspect of the "America first" policy is that there should be a foreign policy of military non-intervention ("Intro to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan"). The KKKK does not want to get involved with anything "non-American." The KKKK's stand on foreign aid and trade relates to their "America first" policy. They believe that all foreign aid should be stopped immediately because while the United States' tax dollars are being given to other countries, Americans themselves are still needy ("The program"). The KKKK believes that the money being spent on foreign aid should be kept within the United States and should be put into things like Social Security and Medicare. As for trade, the KKKK believes that NAFTA and GATT should be done away with because they take jobs away from American workers and will put "millions upon millions" into poverty ("The program"). Christianity is an important part of the KKKK's ideas and beliefs. In fact, one of the things that the KKKK claims is that the United States was formed as not only a White Nation, but as a Christian nation. They quote James Madison saying this about the founding of the United States on their web page (?The program?): We have staked the future of all our political institutions upon the capacity of mankind for self-government upon the capacity of each and all of us to govern ourselves, to control ourselves, to sustain ourselves according to the Ten Commandments of God. Therefore, the KKKK's views on abortion and homosexuality reflect those of the Bible. They are against abortion and believe it should be illegal unless the mother's life is endangered or the woman was raped or a victim of incest. And since the United States is a ?Christian nation? and the Bible is against homosexuality, there should be a national law against it. They also believe church and state should no longer be separated, making prayer in public schools legal. Because the KKKK is so heavily involved in Christianity, they often light a large wooden cross on fire at their rallies. They say that they are not desecrating the cross but

42432 Essays - Epistemologists, Rationalists, Ren Descartes

42432 Essays - Epistemologists, Rationalists, Ren Descartes 42432 art I: List at least four differences between Descartes and Locke on how we obtain knowledge. For Descartes, (1) knowledge relies completely on utter certainty. Because perception is undependable, (2) knowledge cannot come from our five senses. Descartes believes knowledge can come from experience and deduction. But for this philosopher, (3) he does not believe we gain knowledge from the outside world. Therefore it must come from within. In light to how we view things, Descartes believes that deduction ``can never be performed wrongly by an intellect which is in the least degree rational'', so deductive knowledge is (the only) certain knowledge. Such a system requires a basis of intuitively understood principles from which knowledge can be deduced. (4) He believes that there are some principles which are automatically known, just like the idea of the existence of ourselves and that of God's existence, these are principles which are ``revealed to [us] by natural light'' and ``cannot in any way be open to doubt''. In the end Descartes sees these principles as innate. On the opposite end, John Locke believes something completely different. (1) For starters, he does not believe that knowledge is certain, but that it is just is highly probable. He goes on to say that (2) knowledge comes from our fives sensations or our five senses. Those five senses come from the outside world. Locke disagrees with Descartes when he s...

Explain and illustrate, using graphs, the effect on economic Research Paper

Explain and illustrate, using graphs, the effect on economic efficiency of government prices control and taxes. include an example of a government price control - Research Paper Example Together these two concepts form the basis of economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is nothing but the presence of both production and allocative efficiency. Production efficiency is another name of cost efficiency. The term can be mathematically defined as following: The figures 1.a and 1.b above show the necessary conditions for productive efficiency. In Figure 1.a, productive efficiency is achieved where point MC curve has intersected the ATC (Average Total Cost) curve. At this point, the production of Q1 goods is going to cost the least and at this point productive efficiency will be obtained. The same is shown in Figure 1.b. The point where MC interests the ATC curve is the point where the firm is experiencing the minimum possible costs. Any production at this point is going to achieve the necessary conditions for productive efficiency. The allocative efficiency is always achieved at a point where the minimum amount of effort produces the maximum result. In other words, any change in resources are not going to increase the output because the currently employed resources are producing the maximum output. If there is room for increasing production by changing the resource allocation, then the point of allocative efficiency is not achieved. In figure 2, the point â€Å"C† is not allocative efficiency because resources are underemployed and output can be increased by employing more resource. However, Point â€Å"A† and â€Å"B† are both allocative efficient because resources are producing the maximum output. There is no room for the increase of the production at this point until there is technology advancement or increase in the population, both of which are long-term considerations. Economic efficiency can be looked at from another point of view. Economic efficiency can be described as something that maximizes the benefit of a transaction for both producers and consumers. The benefits for consumer and producers can be looked upon as consumer and

Conditioning and habit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conditioning and habit - Research Paper Example The responses that come up if practiced elaborately lead to habits which become subconscious responses elicited by an individual. There are many instances in our life where in we acquire so many new things. These experiences form a very important part of us and also determine to a very large extent how we analyze and assimilate the new information with the existing knowledge base that we have. Examples of such instances are a child learning a new language with a help of his grandmother, or perhaps a girl who has just started to ride on a two wheeled bicycle. Another example could be that students reacting with a particular response in presence of authority. All these instances tell us that we â€Å"learn† certain things and hence we acquire the knowledge that is coming our way to benefit us in the present or in the coming future. Michael and Modell (2003) define learning in their book Active Learning in Secondary and College Science Classrooms: A Working Model for Helping the Learner to Learn as a change in behavior that results from the learner’s interaction with the environment. There are some important things that have to be understood when we talk about learning. These form the basis for a concrete understanding about the concept at hand. All kinds of learning happen on the basis of the foundation made by already acquired skills and concepts. Whatever we come across, we take in the information as a raw data and then we incorporate the data into the concepts of the innate knowledge base that we have and learn new things. We can also illustrate another fact from the aforementioned premise that if the prior knowledge base is faulty, the acquisition and assimilation of the new concepts and schemata will be compromised. This leads to learning of information that is not accurate and taking into consideration all the aspects interplaying between the stimulus and the response (Fox, 2005). Of all the things we learn, we divide the whole information int o two definitive parts. These parts can be understood in terms of â€Å"what† we learn and â€Å"how† we learn. The process of acquiring both these concepts is also different. An example to illustrate this can be a preparation of Thai cuisine recipe. In this example, we note that there is a set particular group of ingredients to be used for the recipe to taste as it really should and it also entails a set particular way to make the dish. We need to learn the ingredients as well the way to go about mixing them together, differently in order to truly do justice to the cuisine at hand. The â€Å"what† of the learning phenomena is termed as declarative learning and the â€Å"how† are termed as procedural learning. Acquiring declarative knowledge entails a sound building of mental representations or models. These models form the crux for knowing the exact constitution of the things that make up a task and hence guides us with the way to perform the task in an effective manner. The manner with which the task is to accomplished has to be learned in standard way. This standard way is exactly the way which is reliable and valid. Therefore, to acquire such a standard process, practice is very important. This practice should be coupled with timely and appropriate feedback. By feedback, we actually mean that an appropriate response should be accompanied with every action that we perform (Jarvis, 2005). If the response is painful or aversive we tend to forget the

Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Social Responsibility - Essay Example Social responsibility works to the best interest of the society. In other words, social responsibility seeks to promote social welfare subject to the decisions and actions taken by business enterprises. The underlying welfare is defined in terms of social impacts that result from the daily business activities of many and different enterprises. The business fraternity is expected to play a moral and ethical role in developing the society as they progress with their daily activities. This implies that part of their success and benefit should be channeled to the society. Essentially, the three primary factors that social responsibility accounts for include the economy, environment and society (Allen, 2011). The growth, development, and sustainability of these three factors encompass the role of social responsibility. Any enterprise operating in the societal setting needs to consider the economic, environmental, and social implications of its activities. The ultimate objective of social responsibility is to ensure that enterprises do not adversely affect the society. On the same note, the new venture is factored in the process to ensure that social responsibility is realized. The new venture, therefore, drives social

Critical accounting theory

Critical accounting theory Introduction There are several reasons there is no one universally accepted theory of accounting. The reasons are of two sorts. The first is philosophical. The second is practical. This essay discusses each of these. It then provides examples from accounting theory. Philosophical reasons The statement There is no universally accepted accounting theory is true by definition. Scientific understanding of the term theory denies that any theory can be universally accepted. According to Popper (e.g., 2002a, 2002b), theories are conjectures that are put to the test. If they are refuted by the test, they are either rejected or refined. If they are not refuted, they remain theories (not facts). They are then put to further tests, and are further refined. In order for this to proceed, there must exist rival theories. In this way, theories compete in a process of Darwinian selection. The theories never get to the truth, but they get progressively closer. This is the first reason there is no universally accepted theory of accounting. If there were a universally accepted theory of accounting, it wouldnt be a theory. It would be something else. Notice that, according to Popper, no theory ever arrives at certain knowledge. The best any theory can do is curtail ignorance. Moreover, if scientists were to discover a true theory, there would be no way they could know it was true, so there would still be competing theories. This last point needs elaboration. GÃ ¶dels incompleteness theorems (see, e.g., Hofstadter, 1979) demonstrate that, in any system of logic rich enough to contain formal arithmetic there exists an infinite number of statements that are true but that are impossible, in principle, for the system to know to be true. This means, in practical terms, that in any complex system-for example, an economic system-there exist solutions to problems that are known by the system, but are not known by any individual within it. This is appreciated by leading economists (e.g., Hayek, 1979). Further, given that there exist usually infinitely more wrong solutions to problems than correct solutions to problems, any attempt to solve such problems by diktat is infinitely more likely to lead to failure than to success. As regards economics, this led Hayek (1944) to his espousal of the free market. As regards theory in science, it means that any attempt to impose a single theory on anything is likely to lead to a seriously wrong theory. This is another reason for believing there can be no universally accepted theory of accounting. Any universally accepted theory could only be universally accepted if it were imposed by diktat, and, if it were imposed by diktat, it would of necessity most likely be wrong. Therefore it would give rise to a rival theory. Related to this, Feyerabend (1996) argues that there is no such thing as a single scientific method, and that any attempt to impose one is counter-productive. Feyerabends philosophy of science is summarised as anything goes. This, provides another reason for there being no single theory of accounting. If there can be no universally accepted method, there can be no universally accepted theory. There are two popular views of science that are in conflict with Poppers perspective: positivism and postmodernism. Positivism is the philosophy, associated with Ayer (1946) that says that the only meaningful statements are those that are true by logic and those that may be verified by observation. This is the verification principle. The first problem with the verification principle is that it is neither a truth of logic nor an empirically verifiable fact, therefore by its own terms it is meaningless. The second problem is that in implies science proceeds inductively. But inductive logic (drawing general conclusions from specific instances) is flawed: a million observations of white swans, for example, does not demonstrate that all swans are white (indeed, they arent: some swans are black). Postmodernism is the philosophy that reality is socially constructed. So what is real to one person may be unreal to another. At a trivial level, this is true, for different people see the same things in different ways. It is also true that, historically, science progressed in some instances by changes in world view, or paradigm (Kuhn, 1996). However, this is a question more of the sociology of science, not of ontology. And taken literally postmodernism is absurd. It leads to the conclusion that there is no such thing as reality. The prevalence of competing philosophies of science-Popperism, positivism, and postmodernism-provides another reason for there being no universally accepted theory of accounting. There is no universally accepted view of what constitutes reality. Thus one should expect there to be different theories of accounting, each with its cadre of supporters. Practical reasons There are three purposes for any theory of accounting, and each makes different demands on the theory. The first is that accounting should provide the best information about a companys position. Such a theory is prescriptive, in that it suggests how best accountants should ply their trade. Such a viewpoint is said to be normative. A normative theory is one that states what is best practice. A theory of accounting may also seek to describe what accountants do. Any science must include accurate descriptions. It is logically possible for a researcher to adhere to a descriptive theory yet bemoan the fact that accountants dont follow what the researcher considers the correct (i.e., normative) practice. There is another aspect to descriptive theories. Until the advent of cheap computers, there was no way that researchers could analyse vast collections of data. Moreover, very often the data were unavailable (Gaffikin), 2008). Computers have changed this. This is another reason for believing there is no universally accepted theory of accounting. A descriptive theory is only as good as the data fed into it. But it is impossible to analyse all the data, only different blocks of data. Different blocks may give rise to different descriptions. In describing how accountants behave, researchers must gather evidence. But what evidence? And how should researchers gather it? Positivists tend to use quantitative data. These are data that are, supposedly objective, and may be expressed numerically and manipulated statistically. Company sales figures are an example. Postmodernists tend to use qualitative data. These are data that make no claim to objectivity and are difficult to express numerically. The findings of unstructured interviews-emotions, impressions, and so on-are examples of qualitative data. Because of this, even when presented with the same evidence, different researchers may reach different conclusions. This is another reason there is no universally accepted theory of accounting. A theory of accounting can seek to explain. Such theories are scientific in the Popperian sense, for they may be refuted. It is logically possible for a researcher to believe that Theory 1 is the best explanatory theory, Theory 2 is the best descriptive theory, and Theory 3 is the best normative theory. Thus again there are many theories of accounting. Any researcher may subscribe to three different theories, and do so without being inconsistent. In practice, the distinction between normative, descriptive, and explanatory theories is blurred. Any theory of one type may have features of the others. Example theories This section considers discusses two example theories. Theory 1: Positive accounting theory There are several problems with normative theory. One concerns what to enter. Consider assets. An accountant does not know how much a companys assets are worth. So the accountant uses one of several indicators (historical cost, for instance). The accountant must also estimate how much assets depreciate. Accountants use algorithms to calculate depreciation-typically, straight line depreciation such that assets become worthless after three years. Such algorithms are only broadly accurate. Such considerations led Watts and Zimmerman (1978) to develop positive accountancy theory. The theory is in part descriptive, in that it states what real-world accountants do, and in part explanatory, in that it purports to explain why accountants behave in the way they do. The theory says, in effect, that company accounts do not accord with reality. Instead, they accord with what powerful interests (stakeholders, shareholders, managers) want others to see as reality. The theory makes two assumptions: Homo economicus. This states three things. First, people are entirely rational. Second, people act only out of self-interest. Third, people act only to maximise their wealth. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH). This states that, left to its own devices (i.e., if unregulated), the market delivers an optimum price for any good or service. The EMH states that prices accord with all available information. The reason positive accounting theory makes these assumptions is that, without them, it is difficult to make quantifiable predictions, but with them it is relatively easy. Thus, for example, with them one can predict companies in one particular environment will prefer a different form of accounting from companies in another type of environment. Thus, for example, Watts and Zimmerman (1978) predict that firms whose earnings are increased by general price level adjusted accounting (GPLA) will oppose GPLA, but firms whose earnings are decreased by GPLA will favour it. But the notion of H. economicus is problematic-some people are unintelligent, some are altruistic, and so on (Lunn, cited in Clark, 2008), The EMH is also contentious. Some economists accept it, others dont. The EMH is also vague. If the market is efficient, the EMH doesnt say how long it takes to reach a decision Also, if the EMH were true, arbitrage would be impossible. The best one can say about the assumptions is that they provide an approximation of reality. How good an approximation it is, nobody knows. This is another reason there is no universally accepted theory of accounting. Some people think the assumptions provide a good approximation; some people think they provide a bad one. Fama and French (2004) state that markets can be inefficient and investors can be ill-informed and irrational, Just as owners, governments, and workers have vested interests, so have Watts and Zimmerman. In their case, they are interested in promoting positive accounting theory. So, in this regard, the theory has a normative aspect. It concerns how accountancy researchers should practice their trade. If all researchers follow Watts and Zimmermans diktats, Watts and Zimmerman will become rich. Naturally, all accountancy researchers want to be in Watts and Zimmermans position, but the only way for them to do so is to develop a rival theory. This is another reason there is no universally accepted accountancy theory. Theory 2. Critical accounting theory Critical accounting theory isnt really a theory. Its more a style of criticism. It aims, not only to alter accounting practice, but to change society (Gaffikin, 2008). It is political. Thus, for example, Laughlin (cited in Davis, 2008) states: A critical understanding of the role of accounting processes and practices and the accounting profession in the functioning of society and organisations with an intention to use that understanding to engage (where appropriate) in changing these processes, practices and the profession. In this, critical accounting theory is postmodernist. Postmodernists point to the numerous flaws in positive accountancy theory. They highlight the weaknesses in the concepts of H. economicus and the EMH. They point out that Watts and Zimmerman use rhetorical devices to put the views across. They argue that the methodology and measuring instruments of positivist theories are crude, and so on. Occasionally, they make (or repeat) good points (e.g., the EMH is incorrect) (e.g., Mouck, 1992). As indicated, postmodernists deny the existence of objective reality. In doing so, they deny the possibility of determining the truth, or worth, of any statement. Thus they deny the truth, or worth, of postmodernism. This is the problem with postmodernism. If reality is socially constructed, then there cannot be a universally accepted theory, for socially constructed reality differs according to who is doing the constructing. A true theory to one postmodernist is a false theory to all others. That is why there is no universally accepted theory of accounting. References Ayer, A.J. (1946). Language, truth and logic. (2nd ed.). London: Gollancz. Clark, T. (2008, November 1). Market madness. The Guardian. Davis, D. (2008). Critical accounting theory. Lecture 9. Lecture notes. Bangor Business School. Feyerabend, P. (1996). Against method: Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge. San Francisco, CA: Analytical Psychology Club of San Francisco, Fama, E.F. and French, A.R. (2004). The CAPM: Theory and Evidence. On line: http://www.econ.sdu.edu.cn/jrtzx/uploadfile/pdf/Assetpricing/04.pdf Gaffikin, M. (2008). Accounting theory: Research, regulation and accounting practice. French Forest, Australia: Pearson Education. Hayek, F. A. (1979). Unemployment and monetary policy. San Francisco: Cato Institute. Hayek, F. A. (1944). The road to serfdom. London: George Routledge Hofstadter, D. (1979). G?del, Esther, Bach: An eternal golden braid. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Kuhn, T. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mouck, T. (1992). The rhetoric of science and the rhetoric of revolt in the story of positive accounting theory. Accounting Auditing, and Accountability, 5 (4): 35-56. Popper, K. (2002a). Unended quest. An intellectual biography. London: Routledge. Popper, K. (2002b). Conjectures and refutations. London: Routledge. Watts, R.L. And Zimmerman, J.L. (1978). Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards. Accounting Review, 53: 112-132.

Essay --

In both Things Fall Apart and Antigone, Okonkwo and Creon faced many similar difficulties along their paths to their predetermined fate. In white men trying to convert Okonkwo’s village to Christianity, ultimately leading to the suicide of Okonkwo. And in Antigone, Creon faced difficulties as well. King Creon, a dictator, creates his own laws without considering the desires of the people. Creon declares Polyneices not to be buried, punishes and kills Antigone for trying to give her brother a proper burial, lets no one mourn his death (SP4). Although Creon didn’t kill himself he has to live with his knowing that he brought this tragedy on himself. Both characters were challenged together in separate ways with both unfortunate outcomes. In both stories we know that Okonkwo and Creon rule by fear and they both believe that having power is the most important thing; it isn’t (SP1). That trait of fear of weakness may as well of been both Okonkwo and Creon’s trag ic flaw which caused the two their devastating downfall. Likewise, to make decisions, they use their own reasoning rather than consulting or listening to others. This is what compels us to believe why they had their downfall in each of the stories. They are similar, Okonkwo and Creon, in the way that they both are the two tragic heroes. They both are challenged in the way that their lives have been upset by something new. Antigone’s attempt at a heroic action, burying her brother when it was against Theban law to do so. The Theban law prohibited the burial of those that were not loyal to Thebes; however Antigone did so anyways (SP1a). She created chaos for Creon when his whole family died. Creon supposes that all his decisions benefit the whole community, whereas they really on... ...sively never end up in their favor anyways. In both Antigone and Things Fall Apart, they were challenged in ways where at first they believed their verdict of the situation was appropriate and equitable they come to realization at the end that they were very incorrect in thinking so. Okonkwo finds, at the conclusion of the book that everything he ever aimed to become was essentially inevitable. Mirthfully enough, he becomes just like his father, a disgrace to the clan. Creon as well realizes his fault at the end of the book, where he has his anagnorisis. He understands that making this law, and entombing Antigone lead to the death of all his loved ones. The two together rule by fear and don’t like showing weakness. They are oblivious to the desires of those around them, and don’t take into account that the view of the people and their families may be quite different.

Boundaries

It usually helps to establish the ground rules from the start of a session, according to Gravells (2008, p.7) ‘setting ground rules helps everyone know their limits‘. This can be a mixture of ground rules determined by the tutor or can be negotiated between both the tutor and the students. As a result it can provide expectations for the behaviour of the group. For example typical ground rules may include; †¢ Starting and finishing times †¢ Listening to others †¢ Mobile phone rules †¢ Keeping personal issues out of the session †¢ Maintaining confidentiality within the group The only disadvantage is that it can be time consuming negotiating between the students and the tutor, but setting the rules in this way will result in the group being more likely to be committed to them, (Petty, G. 2004) It is especially important to agree a ground rule if the group are discussing their experiences or difficult situations. This will establish a rule that allows the students to feel safe at being able to express themselves (Gould and Francis 2009) in their contributions to the group. These established, negotiated and agreed ground rules can be displayed on a wall to remind everyone what is expected within the session. This will ensure that a friendly, sociable and relaxed atmosphere is developed and maintained.

How do Video Games Affect Children Professor Ramos Blog

How do Video Games Affect Children Nick White Mr. Ramos English 101 July 25 2019 How do Video Games Affect Children Video games arent going anywhere in 2016 more than 150 million people in the united states alone play at least 3 hours a week. And in 2016 24.5 billion copies of games were sold and that number has been increasing every year. I always see on the news people talking about how video games are hurting kids but they never talk about all the good they can do as well. Games are just like food or alcohol they really arent harmful in moderation, its when you become addicted when it really starts becoming a problem. It is true that games can become addictive and promote violence but they also help with puzzle solving and hand eye coordination. A Lot of people only talk about the bad but im here to tell the facts so you can decide. In 2017 Medical News Today published an article(Nichols) that analyzed 116 scientific studies and this is what they found. The studies showed that playing video games did many things to the brain. They show that the games helped with the subjects attention but primarily sustained and selective attention. They also noticed that the regions of the brain that deal with attention take less activation to turn on and stay focused. The final thing they noticed was that after long term gaming the right hippocampus had actually become enlarged which helps with visuospatial recognition. When 116 studies all come up with the same results then those are some pretty undeniable results. This shows that from a young if kids played video games they would actually pay better attention but it would also be easier for them to pay attention because it would require less work. This is very important because at around age 6 kids literally only have an attention span of 5 minutes so giving them something fun and inviting like a game would help develop their brains a lot and help down the line. Video games arent all good though. Video Games have been proven to raise stress levels for the person playing them. That is why parents who have kids that game a lot note that they tend to act irritable. The games are triggering the fight or flight response in the brain so the slightest thing can set them off (Dunckley). The stimulation, the dopamine that is released when they are doing good, the increased heart rate as they get closer to winning or losing all fed directly into the reactionary system so when they finally beat that level they let out a big BOOYAW or when they lose again they scream and throw the controller. This amount of stress is not safe for kids as itll cause them to have â€Å"trouble managing emotions, suppressing impulses, following directions, dealing with frustration, and executing tasks†(Dunckley). This is all just multiplied if the kid stays up late playing the game and then all the sudden turns it off and tries to sleep. This will cause them to tos s and turn because their brain is still so active that it cant sleep and hinder the amount of REM(deep sleep) the child will get which will make the problems worse. Doctor Dunckley recommends that kids can play games but in very limited quantities and no screens 1 hour before bed time. In his article Rick Missimer talks about the positive and negative sides of videogames and the main good that videogames have is that they are invaluable to teach kids â€Å"some essential skills like strategic thinking, innovative thinking and co-operation†(missimer).When faced with a new problem or a new level in a game you have to use your whole brain to come up with a plan to get past this. Maybe you fail but even in failing you will learn something plus failure just pushes you to try harder and try new ideas. Most games now are either cooperative or online and this allows the gamer to work on their teamwork and communication. One game I play a lot is rainbow six siege and the only way to play is 5 people versus 5 people so you have to work with and communicate with your team who could be completely random people from around the globe that you have to work with to win. You could ignore them or be rude and lose or you talk to them and work as a team to get the job done sure maybe you still lose but maybe you made a new friend or learned something new. Being able to communicate and work with people is an extremely vital skill to have in the real world so being able to practice it and play a game sounds like a pretty good deal to me. So far games seem pretty good right? Well we havent gotten to the biggest downside of video games yet, addiction. Patrick Markey and Christopher Ferguson published a book in 2017 that says â€Å"video gaming raises dopamine levels in the brain to about the same degree that eating a slice of pepperoni pizza or dish of ice cream does† they then continue on and say â€Å"it raises dopamine to roughly double it’s normal resting level, whereas drugs like heroin, cocaine, or amphetamines raise dopamine by roughly ten times that much†(Gray). This goes to show that games arent nearly as addictive as we think they are. People still can become addicted and have negative effects but the addiction comes from somewhere else other than purely dopamine and reward based. In Doctor Grays article he says â€Å"Research shows that the great majority of video gamers, including those who are heavily immersed in games and spend large amounts of time at them, are at least as healthy psychologically, socially, and physically as are non-gamers†(gray). So why do people make such a big deal about being addicted to games when people who play a game that much dont even get affected. Most scientists agree that people arent addicted to the game itself theyre addicted to the escape it gives them from the real world which is a big problem. The more and more you become detached from reality the more and more dangerous you become because you start to believe things that arent true which i think is where people get the idea that video games make people dangerous because they look at the most extreme cases and that gives them the wrong idea. People can play violent video games and not be violent themselves but once they start imagining themselves in that world is when they start bringing that violence into the real world. That doesnt sound like addiction that sounds like they have a mental problem that causes them to feel detached from real life and hide in their vide o games. Video games absolutely have their pros and cons so Its up to you to decide how long you let kids play and what games you let them play   because that could help them in the future or throw them into being a social outcast. The scary thing is that everyone is different and everyone will react differently to different stimulus so we have no way of   knowing what will happen to kids when they play video games. Dunckley, Victoria. â€Å"This Is Your Childs Brain on Video Games.† Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 25 Sept. 2016, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201609/is-your-childs-brain-video-games. Gray, Peter. â€Å"Sense and Nonsense About Video Game Addiction.† Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 11 Mar. 2018, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freedom-learn/201803/sense-and-nonsense-about-video-game-addiction. Missimer, Rick. â€Å"The Impact of Video Games on Children.† HealthGuidance, healthguidance.org/entry/11051/1/The-Impact-of-Video-Games-on-Children.html. Nichols, Hannah. â€Å"How Video Games Affect the Brain.† Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 10 July 2017, medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318345.php.

Free Essays on Memory And Me

There are only a few techniques that help my memory. Most of the time I prefer to study over material for a certain amount of time with a friend. Other times, I will utilize flashcards in order to memorize the word, phrase or definition needed. Reading over material more than once also helps me. All of these things come in handy when I am trying to study for any subject. I sometimes find that I will use certain methods of memorizing that help me more for that specific subject. When I study over material with friends, it is so both of us can benefit. As they say, â€Å"you learn while trying to teach it to someone else†, so that is the exact methodology we try to follow. I would read the material, and then quiz my friend with random questions about it. Then, he/she would do the same. The process does take some time because we both have to read the material then quiz each other on it, but in the long run it helps us both in memorizing the data. My favorite form of memorization is using flash cards. The purpose of using flash cards is the repetition of the process. When I study using flash cards I read the definitions of the terms or phrases that I am trying to memorize, and then I try to remember the term or phrase that they go with. I repeat this system over and over again until finally I can go through all of the terms and respond with the proper definition. This form of memorization is my favorite because I can either do it alone, or have a partner to assist me. No matter how many times I’ve used other methods to help me memorize or study, flash cards have always worked. Another method that I do not practice too often is reading materials over again in order to let them sink in. This is not the same as the repetition of the flash cards, because this one has to do with longer materials such as books or long example essays. Time provided I would go over the book or long example essay more than once, but most of the time it can b... Free Essays on Memory And Me Free Essays on Memory And Me There are only a few techniques that help my memory. Most of the time I prefer to study over material for a certain amount of time with a friend. Other times, I will utilize flashcards in order to memorize the word, phrase or definition needed. Reading over material more than once also helps me. All of these things come in handy when I am trying to study for any subject. I sometimes find that I will use certain methods of memorizing that help me more for that specific subject. When I study over material with friends, it is so both of us can benefit. As they say, â€Å"you learn while trying to teach it to someone else†, so that is the exact methodology we try to follow. I would read the material, and then quiz my friend with random questions about it. Then, he/she would do the same. The process does take some time because we both have to read the material then quiz each other on it, but in the long run it helps us both in memorizing the data. My favorite form of memorization is using flash cards. The purpose of using flash cards is the repetition of the process. When I study using flash cards I read the definitions of the terms or phrases that I am trying to memorize, and then I try to remember the term or phrase that they go with. I repeat this system over and over again until finally I can go through all of the terms and respond with the proper definition. This form of memorization is my favorite because I can either do it alone, or have a partner to assist me. No matter how many times I’ve used other methods to help me memorize or study, flash cards have always worked. Another method that I do not practice too often is reading materials over again in order to let them sink in. This is not the same as the repetition of the flash cards, because this one has to do with longer materials such as books or long example essays. Time provided I would go over the book or long example essay more than once, but most of the time it can b...

Introduction to the stock market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to the stock market - Research Paper Example This share of profit is known as dividends. The dividends are an incentive for the shareholders to invest in the business in order to earn a share of the profit. d) Virtual Trading: Paper trading  (sometimes also called "virtual stock trading") is a simulated trading process in which would-be investors can 'practice'  investing  without committing real money. e) Mutual Funds: These are a collection of funds put together by many investors so that they can be invested collectively in shares, bonds, stocks and securities. These are controlled by the firms such as mutual trusts. f) Same as E g) Stock Market crash: This is a sudden decline in the prices of the stocks that are being traded in the market. This fall can be due to an economic crisis or the result of heavy speculation. h) NASDAQ: The  NASDAQ Stock Market, also known as the  NASDAQ, is an American  stock exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for "National  Association of Securities  Dealers  Automated  Quotati ons".  It is the largest  electronic  screen-based  equity securities  trading market in the United States and  second-largest  by  market capitalization  in the world. 2, 3. Participants in the stock range of small individual stock investors to large hedge fund traders, who can be based anywhere.

What constitutes a quality research proposal Essay

What constitutes a quality research proposal - Essay Example Proficiency in research proposal writing cannot counteract an unsound project, yet it can offer the supplementary gauge of quality that discerns a premium research proposal with its competition (Levinson 2000). Basically a research proposal is the demonstration of a plan that an individual aims to pursue. A quality research proposal supposes that the researcher have already deliberated about his/her project and have allocated substantial time and effort in collecting relevant information, analysing and then structuring his/her ideas. A good research proposal is not a hastened task (Saunders 2006). Therefore, one could think that the research proposal is a subsequent step, after the topic selection. The actual research proposal will specify the analytical question a researcher aims to investigate. The groundwork of a quality research proposal is a viable research problem. Moreover, a quality research proposal has nine components, and each part is essential in a successful presentation. The particular outline and content of the components could differ (Marcoulides 1998). In order to demonstrate what constitutes a quality research proposal it is important to discuss the research components. Above all, the statement of the problem should incorporate a definite and short statement of the objective or purpose of the plan. In a business research proposal, this section is made up of the particular question/s to be studied, a succinct description of the significance of the study, and an account of how the findings will contribute to the present literature (Marcoulides 1998). Second, a good research proposal should indicate the researcher’s analyses of relevant literatures and where particularly his/her investigation stands in that framework. This section has not to be long, though it should be wide-ranging. It should outline the fundamental issues in the literature, emphasise key areas of conflict, and demonstrate a critical

Overview of Labor Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Overview of Labor Relations - Research Paper Example Dissatisfied employees can involve in counterproductive activities such as theft, poor service, and sabotage among others. Research has shown that when employees are not satisfied, they experience tension, depression, and complain of stiffness in muscles and joints. This indicates that companies that apply procedural justice and distributive justice promote job satisfaction among the employees. The workers become more dedicated and committed to their service rendering, because they feel appreciated, and acknowledged. One feels pleased when his or her job is praised. This makes the employee more determined than ever to deliver up to the maximum for the sake of the company. Through procedural and distribution justice workers acquire job satisfaction which gives them peace to work, and make the company grow. Research indicates that when workers are not satisfied, the company will experience a high turnover intention where workers will look for new jobs elsewhere, or others may think of quitting. Companies that apply both procedural and distributive justice are likely to maintain their staff. This promotes the company’s policies because good skills and professionalism is maintained. Cost of hiring workers after a short period is decreased, and the growth of the firm becomes a priority. Bush (2009) indicates that management should therefore, embrace organizational justice policies so as to increase job satisfaction, commitment and reduce turnover intention. A good rapport is experienced between the management and the subordinates, and unity among the employees themselves. The company becomes more of a community than just a working place. Workers feel identified with the organization they are working for, because animosity and hatred is not experienced. The use of justice creates a strong foundation of cooperation and serves as a base for a better environment for interaction. If workers are treated unfairly, their incentives will be hindered, and they may work against each other’s interest. This may result in to conflicts and unstable interdependence between the employees and management. Fear and intimidation replaces the confidence, eventually, affecting production. Justice therefore, influences performance, improves information sharing, personal relationships, and planning becomes more efficient and efficient. This confirms that procedural and distributive justice has a positive implication on the company policies. Question 2 Mother Jones was born on first August eighteen thirty seven in Cork Island. She learned the skills of dressmaking. Jones met and married George, and they had four children who later died of yellow fever. During this period, women led quiet lives, and were committed to their families, but Jones went everywhere she pleased expressing herself publicly, something that was not allowed thereafter becoming the mother of the down trodden. She was a prominent labor, and community organizer serving in the united mine workers union. Research indicates that being a good speaker, she made her speeches with stories, humor and audience participation. She organized mine workers, and their families against the mine owners. Fetherling (2010), suggest that in 1903, Jones led children who were working in mills, and mines to demonstrate, demanding to go to school, and not to work, and

Human sexuality Essay Example for Free

Human sexuality Essay Psychology illustrates love as a cognitive and social phenomenon of feeling of intimacy. According to Robert Sternberg devised a triangular theory love and claimed that love has three constituents’ commitment, intimacy and passion. Intimacy is a form through which two individuals share self-assurances and various aspects of their personal lives and is normally portrayed in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment is the expectation that the love will be enduring. Passionate love is shown through infatuation and sexual attraction together with romantic love. All forms of love differ with regard to passion, commitment and intimacy. Psychology holds that in love there is attachment, bonds, ties and affinity. Biological representation of love perceives love as a mammalian drive similar to thirst. Biologists view love as influenced by hormones like oxytocin, pheromones and neutrophins and the thoughts and behavior of individuals regarding love. The conservative perception in bilgy regarding love n that there are two major drives in love attachment and sexual attraction. Attachment between grown-up is assumed t work on the same principles that make an infant to get attached to the mother. Lust is the early passionate seal desire which encourages mating and entails increased release of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. Attraction is the more personalized and romantic desire to a particular for mating that develops through lust as a commitment to a person mate forms. Present neural studies have shown that when individuals fall in love, the brain constantly discharges a particular set of chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, pheromones, and norepinephrine that work in the same way as amphetamines. This stimulates the brain enjoyment center resulting to side effects which include; lack of sleep, increased heart rate, and loss of appetite and intense feeling of anticipation. Since last and attraction are only temporary attachment is the next stage that endorses the relationship to last longer based on commitments to marriage and child bearing. Attachment is associated with high proportion production of oxytocin and vasopressin. There are also high levels of nerve growth factor when individuals fall in love. Christian understanding regarding love is that love originates from God. Christian’s theologians perceive God as the ultimate source of love which is reflected in human beings and their own loving associations. Two connotations of love in Christian faith are agape love which defines selfless, humane, charitable and unconditional love. It is this love that was demonstrated in parental love, and viewed in creating the world, it trough this love God demonstrates his love for humankind and is the same love which Christian desire for one another. Phileo is the human love to something wonderful also known as brotherly love. Christians consider that people should Love God will all their heart, mind, and strength and love their neighbor as they love themselves as the greatest commandment.

RUSSIA CULTURE :: essays research papers

Russian Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Russia culture is very different from any other culture that I have ever read about. This is a country that is dominated by males. Males actually run the county of Russia. The men are so dominated that every Russian women dream is to be married and have a family with these men. Russia is known for its poor society. In the book Sakharov he mentions how he moved from one place to another. He first was in Moscow’s larger apartments with his family. In this apartment there were six families. With thin the six families they had to share the kitchen and the bathroom. Then he states that he moved into a very old house and in this old house there was a leaking ceiling. With in this house there were still six families that shared everything. (Sakharov 24-25)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Russia there is a very high divorce rate. The divorce rate is high because of the prostitution and getting married just for religious purposes. My couples get married in Russia at a young age. Getting married at a young age is not a good idea in Russia or nowhere. Because of the prostitution rate in Russia it is bringing the abortion rate also. Just about every woman in Russia has had at least five abortions. The reason why woman get abortions is because they were either messing around with some one else man or they are married and got pregnant and neither of the spouses want the child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Russia has a high crime rate also. Their crime rate is so high that if you were to go to the store like the grocery store, when you walk in the store u have to lock your things up in a locker and shop. When you got through shopping then you were to pick up your stuff out of your locker. The whole time that you are shopping there are people watching your every move. The reason why the crime rate is so high is because they work hard to get paid a little amount of money. Russia’s unemployment rate is very high. There are not enough jobs in Russia for everyone to have a job. For example if you were to get a job at a fast food restaurant, you were only getting paid a little or nothing an hour and that’s not even close to minuan wage in America.

Understanding The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Understanding The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚   There are more reported cases of clinical depression in women than their are in men. There is also, generalized in western cultures, a stereotype that women are fragile and should be more dedicated to maintaining the home, doing feminine things, that they shouldn't work, and be discouraged from intellectual thinking. In the Victorian period (1837-1901) aside from women's suffragette movements the Victorian woman usually upheld this stereotype of a well behaved wife, more or less a possession then an individual. However, there were a few who defied the odds and took it to heart to let the world know about the indifference's that they went through. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, feminist, was one of these women who used her writing to express the differences and hardships women went through. One of her more famous works, the Yellow Wallpaper, is known as both a feminist piece and a depiction of Victorian life and indifferences for women. It is a piece that can have controversial me anings that can be taken to heart to why Gilman ever wrote it.    "The Yellow Wallpaper" has a simple enough story, the woman is taken to a rented house to recover from a nervous depression that she was experiencing. The depression was something common in women of the time, especially in more upper class women with little to do. The antidote " the cure" was developed by a Weir Mitchell, for psychoneurosies, in theory a women should inhibit herself from any kind of work or thinking and to get as much fresh air as possible. The heroine is subjected to this cure. Having been confined to a room in the house she starts imagining things in the wallpaper that she hates so much. However, as the story progresses it i... ...it to show that kind of diversity. She probably wanted a release, to share her life, to get back at the Wier Cure, to show the injustice brought to women of the period and to probably just be creative. In finding reviews and biographies on Gilman one does not find too many bad words written on her. She is held as a very prestigious writer. As for the yellow wallpaper it really expands the minds and makes one have to sit back and analyze what was really going on.    Works Cited    Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"? http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/ daniel/amlit/wallpaper/Whywrote.html    Korb, Rena. An Overview of "The Yellow Wallpgper," in Exploring Short Stories Literature Resource Center. Gale Research, 1998.    Stone, Les. Charlotte (Anna) Perkins (Stetson) Gilman. Contemporary A uthors Online. The Gale Group, 2000.

Promoting autonomy of oneself and others Essay

Introduction                     Autonomy is the ability to have the capacity for self-governance or have self- determination. This is a concept which comes out through various arenas. For example, the moral autonomy is usually governed by the moral laws ( Deci, 2010). Therefore, personal autonomy can be said to be the capacity of a person to pursue actions based on moral content. This paper will compare the philosophical work by Nietzsche and MacIntyre and determine who offers the best tool of promoting autonomy. Over the past centuries, the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche have transformed and penetrated every realm of social culture in the Western world. In his essays, he examines the significance of people’s ability to make promises. He states that to hold to the promises made requires both confidence about the future and very powerful memory that will ensure that certain issues are not forgotten. According to Nietzsche confidence requires one to be predictable or calculable and, therefore, he or she must share common sets of customs and laws that govern his or her behaviour (Risse, 2001). The society and morality play an important part of making a person predictable, therefore, giving the person ability to make promises. This process according to Nietzsche is complicated as it ends up in the ‘sovereign person’ who can make decisions, not only because the person in question is bounded by social mores but because he or she is the master of his or her own free will. The sovereign of an individual is characterised by tremendous responsibilities of one being free to make claims in regard to his or her future. This sense of responsibility according to Nietzsche is called conscience (Risse, 2001). Nietzsche defines the concept of ‘bad conscience and guiltiness using German words for ‘debt’ and ‘guilt.’ He suggested that, originally, there were no relationship between guilt and accountability or immorality. Punishments were meted on the basis of reprisal and not on the basis of guilt. If a person failed to honour promises, then they were considered to be in debt the person they failed. The debt could then be balanced by punishing or torturing the person. This happened to a person say the creditor who had no interest of getting his money back from the debtor. Thus, the memory of making promises during this time was burdened and the punishments and cruelty ensured that the debtor does not forget his promises next time (Risse, 2001). Macintyre’s in his book, ‘After Virtue (1981)’ explains his long ethical project. The book diagnoses the rising issues in the society such as ‘culture of emotivism’ where the moral language pragmatically manipulates decisions, attitude and decision. According to the book, those moral cultures are said to be a theatre of illusion where the objectives of moral rhetoric masks the decisions. The books examine the part of the community in making the judgments about the truth or falsity. The work by MacIntyre also examines the reasons why human beings need virtues through investigating the social debts and needs of human agents and the part which they were playing in the formation of an independent practical person who can reason (Borden, 2007). The philosophy by Maclntyre’s is very important especially to the fields of communitarian politics and the virtues of ethics. He points out the insignificance of conventional business ethic as an application of the modern moral concepts in decision making. His work in philosophy has lead tremendous renewal of values over the last decades. For example, in his works his discusses the moral condemnation of Stalinism. His presentation of this concept draws two important conclusions related to morality, one is the fact of the people’s solidarity in discovering what people want in their moral life (Borden, 2007).. According to MacIntyre morality organises life of the community. As he concludes his book, he says that the concepts of morality are neither historical nor timeless and, therefore, the understanding the developments of historical, ethical concepts can liberate people from any falsity claims (Borden, 2007). MacIntyre’s Aristotelian offers the best tool of promoting autonomy of one self and others compared to Nietzsche because he examines the habits that humans should develop in order to make judgement and act efficiently in the pursuit of the true choices which have a worthy end. His examination has a very rich account on the deliberate activities by human that encompass moral formation and society life. He also accounts why humans have practical wisdom to do what is right based on the freedom of morality. References Borden, S. L. (2007). Journalism as practice: MacIntyre, virtue ethics and the press. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1024.Risse, M. (2001). The Second Treatise in In the Genealogy of Morality: Nietzsche on the Origin of the Bad Conscience. European Journal of Philosophy, 9(1), 55-81. Source document

Bram Stoker Essays

Bram Stoker Essays Bram Stoker Essay Bram Stoker Essay Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland One miserably wet summer, Coraline Jones moves into a flat in an old house, with her parents who are too busy with work to pay much attention to her. She discovers a mysterious locked door in the drawing room of the flat; when she gets her mother to open the door, it swings open to reveal nothing but a brick wall. But one day, when bored and left alone in the flat by her mother, Coraline tries the door again, it opens to reveal a corridor leading to a flat quite like her own, but not quite.She ventures further into the flat, where she comes across her mother cooking in the kitchen, except her skin is paper white, she is taller and thinner, her fingers too long and her fingernails curved, sharp and dark red. The woman turns round; her eyes are big black buttons. She is the other mother and she is cooking food that smells awfully tasty. Coraline soon discovers that her father and her other neighbours in this strange world also have buttons for eyes, oh and the cat that hangs round the building can now talk.Coraline decides that this other world is rather more interesting than her own, but when told that she could stay, as long as she exchanged her own eyes for buttons, she decides that she could never do that and returns back home through the tunnel. However when she gets home she discovers that her real parents have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Coraline soon realises that she will have to go back through the tunnel to rescue them.Back in the other mother’s world, the other mother soon learns that Coraline is not prepared to love her and she is thrown into the hallway mirror, where she meets three ghost children, who are also held captive. One tells Coraline, as she falls asleep, to look through the stone given to her earlier by Miss Spink and Miss Forcible, two of Coraline’s neighbours. The next day Coraline uses the stone in a game of challenge with the other mother; everyone will be released if Coraline can find their lost souls.Co raline finds the souls but she still has to find her parents and persuade the other mother to reopen the door to the tunnel between the two houses. Coraline does this by tricking the other mother to open the door, Coraline then grabs the snow globe which she has realised contains her parents and with the souls of the three children in her pocket and followed by the cat, she escapes through the tunnel. However, something else comes through the tunnel as well, the other mother’s hand, which wants the key to the doorway back. Coraline manages to get rid of the hand by ricking it into falling into the old well in the back garden. ANALYSIS: What’s up with the title? Coraline is named after the lead character in the story, Coraline Jones. Its a pretty basic title. But its important to notice that the title is just Coralines name. Many times, a book that features the main characters name in the title also mentions a few other things: think Alice in Wonderland, Harry Potter an d the fill-in-the-blank, Harold and the Purple Crayon. The title Coraline emphasizes Coraline the character above the wacky adventures shes going to have.Inspiration comes in many ways. Fictional characters can affect a real person’s life. Coraline was brave, independent, and showed great creativeness in the book titled Coraline by Neil Gaiman. Throughout the entire story, Coraline displayed a great amount of courage. After moving into a new home, this curious little girl ventured through a door that was never meant to be opened. She met her other mother that had the desire to sow buttons into Coralines eyes. Coraline stood up for herself and said no, and that takes courage. Although Coraline was only about nine years old, she saved her parents.She re-entered the tunnel, after her other mother captured her real parents, without fear. Coraline defended herself from the other mother and slammed the door right in her face to escape. Like many kids these days, Coraline had to do several things alone or by herself. Coraline made her own dinner and her own decisions. When her parents were busy with work, Coraline often played by herself. She thought for herself and didnt allow the other mother control her thoughts and actions. Coraline was wise beyond her years. Although the other mother tried to cover up the bad with good, Coraline saw right through it.She outsmarted the other mother and tricked the other mother’s hand, that was after her soul seeing stone, to jump in the well. Coraline is an inspiring character who made me think about my life. I also do not wish to live in a perfect world. She reminded me to be bold when things get tough and that one should keep fighting. Coraline was an independent thinker. She saw the situation for what it truly was. Things arent always as they appear. Who is the narrator, can she or he read minds, and, more importantly, can we trust her or him?The narrative technique in Coraline is third person limited, which mean s that a narrator tells us the story, focusing mostly on one character. In this particular case, an adult narrator tells us Coralines story. This is a pretty common narrative technique for books that star children. Having an adult narrator tell us a childs story can give us a little more depth; sometimes adults can see the big picture a little more than kids. Also, its usually just easier for an adult to write from an adults point of view! Gaimans use of third person narration also gives us an important outsider perspective on Coraline.Coraline is often the only character on the page; she doesnt get to have a ton of conversations with other people (except the cat, of course). Having the story narrated in the third person gives us that outsider perspective wed otherwise be missing, without losing insight into Coralines inner thoughts. The other mother created a world that she thought Coraline would want. So what does the other world tell us about Coraline and what she wishes for? Cor alines parents are really busy and tend to ignore her; shes often left alone to entertain herself and even take care of herself. That doesnt sound like the best family set-up.But then Coraline discovers an alternate set of parents who pay her tons of attention and cook her delicious food. Sounds like a good trade, right? Well, Coraline quickly figures out that its a rotten deal. Her own parents might have their flaws, but theyre still her parents. And Coraline loves them enough to fight hard to get them back from the cruel other mother. Coraline teaches us that, when it comes down to it, family is irreplaceable. What do you think was the bravest thing Coraline did in the novel? Upon her return to her apartment, Coraline finds her real parents are missing.They do not return the next day, and the black cat wakes her and takes her to a mirror in her hallway, through which she can see her trapped parents. They signal to her by writing Help Us on the glass, from which Coraline deduces th e Other Mother has kidnapped them. Though frightened of returning, Coraline goes back to the Other World to confront the Other Mother and rescue her parents. What is the writing style of the novel? This story includes a lot of Coralines thoughts, and the narrator chimes in with some reflections, too. As a result, the style can get a little poetic sometimes. Someone had once told her that if you look up at the sky from the bottom of a mine shaft, even in the brightest daylight, you see a night sky and stars. Coraline wondered if the hand could see stars from where it was. (13. 71)† Their thoughts are sometimes more poetic than the words they actually get to say aloud. By recording Coralines thoughts, then, Gaiman affects the style of his whole book. What’s the tone of the story? Even though theres a third person narrator, we get most of the story from Coralines point of view, hearing her thoughts and her feelings.This means that Coraline herself pretty much determines th e tone of the novel. All the tones we get come largely from Coralines own emotions: when shes scared, or relieved, or bored, or excited, we hear it. Why buttons? The black button eyes of the other mother are probably the most iconic or well-known image to come out of Coraline. â€Å"They were looking at her with their black button eyes. Or at least she thought they were looking at her. She couldnt be sure. (4. 128)† These eyes are definitely creepy. The black button eyes let us know that were in the other world and highlight how disturbing it is.Buttons are a seemingly harmless object, but in the other world, they become sinister and threatening. In fact, turning nice things into threatening things seems to be one of the main functions of the other world and the beldam herself. These buttons essentially act like masks. Coraline cant tell if her other parents are watching her and she cant get any clues through their eyes as to what theyre thinking. Because we see so much throu gh peoples eyes, these buttons hide the humanness of the people wearing them (if theyre even human at all), preventing us from really knowing a person.For this reason, Coralines other mother could never really be known, or loved, by the children she kidnaps. What’s the meaning of the key? The key into the other world becomes a hot commodity, or item, in the story. Theres only one key to the door between the other world and our world. And the other mother and Coraline both want to control that key. The appearance of the key can help us understand what it represents. Compared to the other keys, its the oldest, biggest, blackest, rustiest key (1. 51). Its different from all the other keys, just like the other world is different from the real world.In this way, the key seems to represent the other world: old and ugly. Usually when we think of keys, we think of unlocking something or opening something up. Coraline certainly does this when she finds the other world. But if keys can unlock, they can also lock you in. Eek! Thats more what Coraline is about – the fear of being trapped somewhere you dont want to be. So how do we eliminate the fear of being trapped? Well, trap the key itself! And thats exactly what Coraline does. What is the author telling us about our identity?When youre totally on your own – like Coraline is – you need to have a super strong sense of self to get you through things. In Coraline, our heroine doesnt have friends or family to rely on, so she learns this lesson pretty quickly. She doesnt need other people to know her in order to know herself: even if everyone forgets her name, it doesnt mean she isnt Coraline. And of course, other peoples identities become an issue for Coraline, too. Who is the other mother? What is the other mothers identity in relation to Coralines real mothers identity? And the three ghost children?Can they have identities if they dont even have names? Coraline is struggling with all of these questions, all the while trying to save the day. Impressive. What up with the ending? Coraline overcomes great odds, defeats the evil other mother, saves her parents, and rescues the trapped souls of three children. Pretty impressive, dont you think? So why doesnt this book end with everyone throwing Coraline a parade to celebrate her awesomeness? Well, Coraline may have triumphed against evil, but she did it alone. And now she has to enjoy her victory alone, too.No one else even knows what happened to Coraline: her parents dont remember their time trapped by the other mother and the neighbors didnt notice anyone was missing. But even if no one else is paying attention, Coraline is still content. She has learned a lot during the story, and shes much more confident by the end of it, so why does it matter if anyone else knows? Shes happy to just drift off into a happy dream, remembering the friends she met in the other world. Coraline is mainly about Coraline herself; so it only makes sense that the end focuses on, well, Coraline.Is it any good? Author Neil Gaiman is well known in the world of adult literature, but this is his first book for children. Its a strange, surrealistic tale, fun for kids who like their stories creepy. The black-and-white illustrations by Dave McKean are correspondingly sinister. Not everything will make sense to young readers, nor will they find the emotional heart that marks childrens classics but they will find Coraline to be a brave character who uses her smarts to not only save herself, but also others the Other Mother trapped. Plus, the plot rolls long fairly unpredictably and with a few good scares. Not awe-inspiring, but entertaining enough. Coraline by Neil Gaiman is a weird and delightfully scary fairy tale / ghost story. I call it delightfully scary because while it grips the readers attention with creepy happenings that may cause a case of the shivers, it is not the kind of scary book that lead to nightmares of the it could happen to me kind. I recommend Coraline for 8- to 12-year-olds. Although the main character is a girl, this tale will appeal to both boys and girls who enjoy weird and scary (but not too scary) tales.Because of all of the dramatic happenings, Coraline is also a good read-aloud for 8- to 12-year-olds. Why shoud I care to read? Have you ever been afraid of anything? Not like monsters-in-the-closet afraid, but really, truly how-am-I-going-to-get-through this afraid? Were thinking about that time you were in a play and had to get up on stage in front of your whole school and recite your lines. Or the first time you went to camp and had to say goodbye to your parents. Or even the time you were home alone during a thunderstorm and you had to stay calm for your little brother.One of these things has happened to all of us – and how did we get through it? We did it anyway. If we hadnt gotten on stage, gone to camp, or comforted our brother, we would have never gotten over our fears. We wouldnt have been brave. Coraline is a story of bravery, and according to Coraline herself, being brave is when youre scared but you still do it anyway (5. 80). Coralines bravery might be the epic, fairy tale kind: she does fight monsters, after all. But Coraline teaches us that bravery comes in all forms.Bravery can be going back to get your glasses near a wasps nest. It can even be just going to school. If youre scared and you do it anyway, youre brave. Coraline reminds us that we dont need to ride a BMX over a box jump or poke a raccoon with a stick to be brave. Bravery can be a much more everyday occurrence. No matter what it is, if we do it, well gain confidence and feel better about ourselves after – just like Coraline did. Thats not to say its easy (and neither was battling the other mother), but thats what makes it worth it.