To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee EssayThe novel that has inspired me the around is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. I first read the book when I was thirteen years old. Since then, I have reread the novel at least twice a year. There are many features of the novel that has touched me in a profound way. However, there is 1 aspect that distinguishes this book as my absolute favorite and as the novel that enthuses me its description of courage. The honorable feature that the novel contains that some inspires me is its truly unique depicting of courage. The main character, a lawyer named Atticus Finch, states that, Real courage is when you receive youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely grow, but sometimes you do. In other words, true courage is trying to do what is right even if you know you are most likely going to lose.Indeed, Atticus does just that. In a town located in the Deep South during the 1930s that is highly prejudiced against African Americans, Atticus defends an innocent black man accused of rape by a white man and his daughter. In the months leading up to the trial, Atticus and his family, specifically his children, experience resentment from the townspeople. Atticus himself realizes that, he wont win. Despite this, Atticus presses on, but ultimately, he loses the case. Inspiringly, even though Atticus knew he would not win the case, he tried anyway because he knew it was the right thing to do. Because of its inimitable portrayal of courage, To Kill a Mockingbird is the book that inspires me most. I can solitary(prenominal) hope when I am faced with an ethical dilemma that will affect my family and me negatively, that I will have the courage to do what I know to be morally right.

To determine the concentration Essay Example for Free

To determine the compactness EssayTo determine the concentration of unknown standard atomic number 11 hydroxide resolving power and the enthalpy flip of neutralization between different pairs of window pane-base used (Thermometric titration) Principle of manner Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base, which is an exothermic reaction. In this experiment, two methods are used to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and the enthalpy change of neutralization. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) Method 1 is to measure the temperature change of the reaction mixture when different definite ratio of acid and base are reacted. There are totally 7 ratios. For all(prenominal) ratio, the sign temperature of acid and base is recorded. When they are mixed, the final temperature of the mixture is recorded so that Let Va, Vb, Ta, Tb, T be the volume of acid, volume of base, initial temperature of acid, initial temperature of base and final temperature of mixture if they are non reacted (which is actually the initial temperature of mixture before reaction) respectively. Thus, Final temperature of the mixture after reacted T = Temperature change ascribable to reaction.Method 2 is to measure the temperature of the reaction mixture when each small portion of acid are added to a fixed amount of base solution with using titration of acid against base. For both of the method, different pairs of acid and base are used and compared. To find the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, the volume ratio of acid to base which makes the maximum temperature change(which means the reaction is most complete) should be found out and so (Since the basicity of both acid and base is 1) By conservation of energy, the enthalpy change of neutralization = combust change of solutionThe density and specific estrus capacity of solution are assumed to be equal to those of pee since the differences between them are negligible. Results Method 1 Using nitrous acid (A graph is attached at page 6) Volume of HNO3(aq) (cThis result was acceptable since it was reconciled and close to the actual value. The enthalpy change of neutralization using nitric acid was found to be -47. 65kJ and -51. 48kJ respectively by method 12.The enthalpy change of neutralization using ethanoic acid was found to be -48. 24kJ and -61. 11kJ respectively by method 12. The enthalpy of neutralization found out in this experiment was not real because the result was not agreeable for method 12 and there were great errors in the experiment.The most significant evidence that shows the result was not reliable was that theoretically, the enthalpy change of neutralization between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide should never be higher than that between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide. This is because nitric acid is a strong acid while ethanoic acid is just a weak acid that it only slightly ionised in water. and so extra energy was needed to ionize the ethanoic acid mo lecules so that the enthalpy change of neutralization of ethanoic acid should be less negative than that of nitric acid. nevertheless the result of this experiment contradicted with the above statement, so that the results of this experiment were not reliable. The most significant error in this experiment was heat loss to surrounding. Although foam cupful was already used in the experiment, the upper surface of solution also produced great heat loss to the atmosphere. Also, there may still be heat loss through the cup. This error was more significant in method 2 since a period of time was used to titrate the solution. During the time of titration, a lot of heat can be transferred to the air and thus the recorded temperature would be decreased.As a result, the calculated enthalpy change of neutralization would be lower than the actual one. To reduce this error, a Styrofoam cup instead of a polystyrene cup can be used since Styrofoam is a better insular of heat than polystyrene. Some cotton wool can be used to wrap the cup in order to further reduce the heat loss to surrounding. Also, a lid can be used to cover the upper mouth of the cup in order to reduce the heat loss to surrounding. However, the lid should include the thermometer to stir the solution and also allow the burette to add acids into it in method 2.Obviously, the titration in method 2 must be carried out speedily in order to minimize the time for the heat to be lost from surrounding, and thus reduce the above error. The second error was the fluctuation of room temperature. In method 1, the initial temperature measured and the temperature of the solution just before reaction might be different. This was because of the change in room temperature since it would affect the temperature of solution by thermo equilibrium. In method 2, the room temperature before the titration and during the titration might be different.This would lead to an error on the measurement of temperature as the same case in me thod 1. To reduce this error, a more constant temperature in the laboratory can be constructed by an air-conditioner. This can reduce the error brought from the fluctuation of room temperature. In the experiment, method 1 is more adequate to determine the enthalpy change of neutralization since the temperature was measured just after the reaction in method 1 but the temperature was measured for several times in method 2 and this lead to error in the measure of temperature.However, method 2 is more suitable to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution since the number of times of measuring the temperature of solution was much more than that in method 1. Then the aggrandizement of the graph can be found out more accurately. Thus the volume of acid used with the highest temperature change can be more accurate. found on the results of this experiment, the enthalpy change of neutralization was more negative with weaker acids, having same base. However, this statement wa s obviously wrong since in weaker acids, some energy was used to ionize the acid molecules.Theoretically, the enthalpy change of neutralization should be more negative with stronger acids. This was not shown on the results in this experiment since the error was too large. Conclusion The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution was successively found out and it was acceptable, but the enthalpy of neutralization found out was not reliable since it was not consistent and it contradicted to the theoretical values. On the whole, the results was not acceptable and so the objective of this experiment was not fulfilled.Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Styrofoam http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/polystyrene.

Ethnic Nationalism in Korea Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Nationalism in Korea EssayHistory influences the ethnic topicism in Korea as well as the nature of the dynamic self-perception of the Korean wad. Ethnic nationalism is defined as the combination of ethnicity and race due to diachronical circum patchings. The self-perception of Koreans, a be of orientalism, derives from a form of ethnic nationalism and takes shape in the form of competitiveness amongst other nations. Although many critics argue that the stigma of ethnic nationalism whitethorn bring about a generalization of a nations people, the certain dynamism of Koreans cannot be masked by ethnic nationalism. Both forms of individuation bring about different effects in the social and political world of Korea. Gi-Wook skin, author of Ethnic Nationalism in Korea, claims that the effect of ethnic nationalism penetrates e rattling aspect of Korean society Indeed, a sense of ethnic unity has served Koreans in a variety of ways from being an ideology of anti-colonialis m to that of national unification(3). He demonstrates that this notion of ethnic nationalism is strong enough to influence political and national policies in a country, but he similarly explains that ethnic nationalism originated from distinct historical events that had occurred in the country.This unique phenomenon form due to the specific historical circumstances and influences of Koreas past have not allowed Koreans to able to fully differentiate between race and ethnicity Although race is on a lower floorstood as a collectivity defined by innate and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and ethnicity is mainly regarded as a cultural phenomenon establish on a common language and history, Koreans have not historically differentiated between the both. Instead, race has served as a marker that strengthened ethnic identity, which in turn was instrumental in defining the nation.Race, ethnicity, and nation were conf after-hoursd, and this is reflected in the multiple uses of the term minjok, the most astray used term for nation, which can also refer to ethnie or race (pg. 4, ENK) Shin describes that the conglomerate definition of ethnic nationalism has been formed from Koreas historic events. In addition, Marxist historian Paek Namun concurred with Shins definition of ethnic nationalism Korea is a unitary notion with a common blood, territory, language, culture, and historical flock for thousands of years (5).However despite this deep rooted nationalism in Korea, Shin argued that this ethnic nationalism was not inevitable and could not have existed. He claimed that the national identity of any nation was subject to change depending on its historical contingency(9). For example, the increase in the foreboding presence of japan, China, and other outside countries throughout Koreas history had also increased its sense of ethnic nationalism. More particularly, the distinction between Koreans and other East Asian countries posed as threats to the country, an d Korea had thus evolved to form an ethnic nationalism that was blood line related.This strong sense of identity through blood is what critics relate to when defining the adamant stance in identity by the Korean people under Japanese colonialism. In addition to the different forms of ethnic nationalism, many have criticized and questioned Gi-Wook Shins broad definition of ethnic nationalism and its association with identifying the self-perception of Koreans. Critics of Shins argue that ethnic nationalism will result in essentialism and prevent the compendium of the true self-perception of Koreans.On the contrary, I believe that the dynamic nature of Koreans notions of themselves stems from a form of ethnic nationalism in Korea. Koreas self perception is based off of the domination under foreign nations in the past and has stemmed from the ethnic nationalism that was represented in Korea under this oppression. Gilbert Rozman explains the effect that influenced south-central Korea f rom such oppression in South Koreas National Identity Sensitivity Evolution, Manifestations, Prospects China with its precocious premodern past and record of regional centralityand Japan with its late premodern dynamism and modern rise to regional ascendency, Korea pales in comparisons that fail to appreciate its own relative strengths on an international comparative scale and its lack of reasons for criminality in external relations Koreans could take pride in how their country has repeatedly seized opportunities in confining circumstances (pg. 2) Rozman shows that the ethnic nationalism in Korea was the reply reflected from the inferiority under Japan and China. He describes Koreas struggle to appreciate their impressive standing as a nation confined between two great East Asian countries.Ethnic nationalism therefore formed due to their restless struggle and determinant fervor to seek a position in the globose world that it could one day be proud of. The competitiveness that gr ew out of this distinct ethnic nationalism developed from an outlook judged under the international community and its standards of a successful country. South Koreas dynamic nature therefore arose from an orientalist view that originated in the ethnic nationalism under Japans and Chinas presence. Koreas dynamic nature is one that constantly evolves and adapts to current modernization.Koreans have been striving to seek success in close to every international sector, whether it can be shown through economic success, technological achievements, or through physical achievements such as the World Cup. As Shin describes the 2002 World Cup phenomenon This fervor over the World Cup was not simply about soccer. It was also about national pride, identity, and confidence (ENK, pg. 2), he explains that the reward of success had contributed to Koreas definition of its own identity.In addition, Shin includes that of 542 surveyed Koreans, 76% of them had claimed to express a renewed confidence in Koreas cleverness in the world (Korea Herald, July 10, 2002). As this identity is attributed to a prideful sense of ethnic nationalism based on success, the dynamic nature of Korea has certainly proved to recreate under its representation throughout the global community. As quoted above, Koreas success is to achieve world recognition in order to rectify its capability in the world.This notion is what attributes the dynamic nature of the Korean people, and it is this attitude that pushes Korea to competitively seek its place as one of the top nations in the global community and rid its past image as the poor, war-ridden country that it once was in the past. Koreas ethnic nationalism and self-perception have both been very influential driving forces in Korean policies and attitudes. Both of these notions are effected by the historic events that have heavily influenced and changed how Koreans view themselves.In addition to this similarity, Koreans self-perception has in fact stemm ed from ethnic nationalism. However despite the relationship between the two, each notion has a much different effect on the people of Korea. Ethnic nationalism in Korea effects Koreans through its sense of unity and blood line. Self-perception of Koreans, however, impassion Koreans through a sense of competitiveness from the ethnic nationalism formed when Korea was under colonial rule. Therefore, Korean ethnic nationalism should not block Koreans outlook on themselves.

Mobile Phone Manufacture Industry In China

Mobile Ph hotshot Manufacture industriousness In chinaOver the give-up the ghost speed of light, roving head names be astray employ in the world and in our daily biography. It brings much convenience to ein truthone both in business part and the life part. And now, it has already become an irreplaceable thing. In the historic several years, because the victimisation of the world thrift and the electronic technology, the diligent peal application grows a lot. It has been topic by International telecommunication Union (ITU) on 2nd March 2009, that the number of the planetary phone users virtually the world has been over 4.1 billion1. This application has developed very rapidly, and brings a huge profit, especi anyy in China. From 2002, China has become the country which has the bragging(a)st number of restless phone users2. And the number is still increasing. It is cognise as a huge merchandise in that location.The aim of this report is to analyze the closely cardinal remote environment changes in the mobile phone application in China, and as well evaluate the competitiveness for the diagnose competitors who ar holding the largest part of the Chinese securities industrying lot in this industry, by utilise PEST epitome and Porters Five Forces model respectively.In the starting line part, the general development of the mobile phone industry in China impart be introduced. This part bequeath provided the entropy al roughly the history development and the current grocery leaders of the mobile phone industry in China. In the entropy part, by using PEST analysis, I will mainly identify influence to this industry while the external environment changes. The Porters Five Forces in this industry will be analyze in the next part, the threat of entry, the threat of substitution, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and rivalry among the current competitors will all be considered in this part. At the end of this report, I will give a general conclusion and evaluation.2. Industry background2.1 History and current pointAs early as the eighties of the 20th century, mobile phone started being used by public in China. At that time, it is a harming of huge, heavy and inconvenient mobile phone which is made by the famous company, Motorola. And that is the product of analog signal times. In 1994, Chinas premiere digital communications GSM (Global governance for Mobile Communications) network completed and locate into use. It indicates that the mobile phone industry comes to GSM time. Motorola, Ericsson and Nokia are three important companies in this period3. Many signifi burn d testifyt Graeco-Roman electric cell phones are produced by them. Then mobile phone came to the second genesis which is named CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Now the third generation (3G) has already put into use in China, which marks the mobile phone in China start to a new level.From 2002, China has be come t he country which has the largest users in the investigation by TNS Canadian Facts, the bearer pose of mobile phone in UK is 97%, and in the USA it is or so 90%4. exclusively in China, the holder rate is just over 50% (March, 2009)5. So it is to say China is still a huge market for the mobile phone industry.2.2 mart leadersNokiaNokia Company is a famous Multinational mobile communications products maker around the world. In the mobile phone market has occupied the first position of the market share for many years. In 2005, Nokia has a 264million delivering amount of mobile phone, as much as 1.8 time as the Motorola company. And it holds about a third of the world market share. In China, it is too the largest market share holder. As it has been mentioned it starts to make and sell cell phone from the late 20th century6MotorolaMotorola Company is a well- cognise Ameri basis company which is famous for the mobile communication terminal. It always holds the second position of both th e world market share and the market share in China in this field. From 1992, Motorola China production base which is in Tianjin has been used to make cell phones. And that is the biggest production base of Motorola around the world.SamsungSamsung Anycall is the brand which is testifyed by Samsung electronics. It is the third holder of the market share of the mobile phone industry in China by the year 2008. Samsung is famous for the faddish design and its beautiful exterior condition. In China, it is the biggest market share holder of CDMA mobile phone, which is hold much than than a forth of the market7. just about research even reported that Samsung has over Nokia become the first largest mobile phone provider in the Europe in more or less certain month. So it is to say Samsung is a powerful competitor in the mobile phone industry in China.3. PEST analysisThis PEST analysis is the normal analysis rule to identify the effect of the external environment changes to the business. It buttocks be divided into four parts, which are political, economic, social and technical environments. This report uses PEST method to analyze the external environment factors which displace influence the mobile phone industry in China.3.1 Political environment3.1.1 Open and shed light on policyIt is known that China since 1978 start to adopt this policy and change the planned economy system to market economy system. The changes which are brought by this policy are provable to all. And it is the beginning of the change of China. Now, 30 years has passed, but the changing step of China has not s spinning topped. Ministry of Industry and Informatization of China are set up in 2008. It can be seen as a signal that the Chinese Government started to pay more attention to the informatization part.3.1.2 Telecommunications restructuring and issuance of 3G licensesOn 24th May 2008, the Ministry of Industry and Information, National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry o f Finance jointly issued on the deepening of telecom reform circular8. In this announcement, to encour term China Telecom to buy Unicoms CDMA network (including assets and users), China Unicom the merger with Netcom, China Satcoms basic telecom business into China Telecom, China Railcom incorporate into China mobile. In addition, notice that the reform and restructuring will be a combination of issuing 3G license. Three 3G licenses will be issued after the completion of the reorganization of the. After the reorganization, Chinas telecom industry from the past sestet the operator of the pattern of competition come into China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom the three stages. On 7th January, 2009, the domestic third-generation mobile communications (3G) license officially issued. China Mobile gained independent intellectual property rights with Chinese TD-SCDMA license, while China Telecom and China Unicom respectively place CDMA2000, WCDMA license. Ministry of information indust ry and is expected this year and the next three operators 3G network construction will be a total investment of 2,800 billion RMB, the 3G network in 2009 will reach 150 billion RMB of investment9.The restructuring of the operator gives a chance to the mobile phone manufacturers to start at the same(p) point. And run their own strategy in order to hold their own costumers in the 3G market.3.1.3 The national electronic information industry of the major Research and development specialOn 10th November 2008, the Ministry of Industry and Information issued A special notice in essence electronic components, high-end general chips and basic software products significant scientific and technological issues in 2009. The special parts of the basis of software, including six projects, 20 sub-topics, cover the operating system, databases, middleware and application software and former(a) fields10.Introduction of a major national research and special purpose electronic components industry is to increase the development of technology and equipment, drive electronics and communications products throughout the manufacturing industry. Directly benefit from the electronic components manufacturing and electronics manufacturing, electronics and communications products some other in reign beneficiaries of the manufacturing sector. From this notice, it can be seen that the Chinese Government try to encourage innovating in the informationization field. It encourages the development of the mobile phone industry of China.3.1.4 limit the export tax discount rate rateIn China, to encourage the export, there is tax rebate when the products export. In the late 2008, the rate of the export tax rebate has been adjusted 4 times, and two of them are related to the cell phone industry. From 1st December, 2008, the rates of the export tax rebate of some of the mechanical and galvanic products are raised respectively, from 9% to 11%, from 11% to 13%, from 13% to 14%11. And on 24th December , executive meeting of State Council decided to break the part of technical content and high value-added export tax rebate rate of mechanical and electrical products. These two increases of the export tax rebate rate affect the mobile phone industry a lot. For the mobile phone manufacturers it is positive to raise the competitiveness to the world market, as it is known that China is one of the largest export countries of mobile phone. The benefits of exports of electronics and communications products to the manufacturers include the effective release of production capacity, to increase employment opportunities, increase market share in the international market.3.1.5 electronic Information Industry Development Planning (2009-2011)To deal with global economic and financial crisis, the revitalization of the electronic information industry in the national economy of strategic, basic and pillar industries of the pilot, in February 2009, the state preparation of the Electronic Informatio n Industry Development Planning (2009 2011) (the draft)12. Revitalization planning in order to advance the capacity of independent development, promoting industrial development model to scale from the speed of innovation and economic returns the main line, making breakthroughs in key areas around the core industries, the backbone of the revitalization of industry, new applications drive the three major tasks of the new process to start the implementation of integrated circuits, color TV six projects, much(prenominal) as industrial restructuring, and improve support for the implementation of 10 policies and measures to speed up the integration of information technology and industrialization process. This plan focuses on six key projects which are including improving the new generation of mobile communications (TD-SCDMA) industry. That indicates the governments economic-oriented.3.2 Economic environment3.2.1 gross domestic product and populationIt is known that China is seen as a miracle in the increase of the economy. From the year 2004 to 2007, the addition of GDP is stable over 10%. Although the global economic crisis also influence China a lot, the growth of GDP still over 8% in the year 2008. By the year 2008, the GDP is 4320 billion which is counted by USD, and about 3266USD per capital. It is the first time that the GDP per capital of China has been over 3000 USD. In addition, the population of China is over 1.3 billion by the end of 2008. The large population means the huge market, and linking to the growth of GDP, it means that the people hurt becoming money to buy the products.3.2.2 Global economic crisisIt is known that from the year 2008, the global economic crisis become more and more effective to the whole world. Although during the crisis, China plays an important role and has an excellent performance, the economic still affect the Chinese economy, especially to the southeast part of China. In addition, most of the electronic companies are in that area, so are the mobile phone companies. It can be seen that this economic crisis are not mainly point to the mobile phone industry, but the external environment are not slap-up for the industry to develop.3.3 Social environment3.3.1 Health problemIt is known that the mobile phone will emit electromagnetic wave, especially when the mobile phone has a low battery or the phone is using. Although there is no convinced differentiate to prove that the large amount of electromagnetic wave is bad for health, people are still worried about it, especially the parents. Children are always been seen are the future. And for most of the parents, they may only have one child. Therefore, the parents pay more and more attention to the health of the child. They want this child to be 100 percent health. So the mobile phone will be belongings away as early as the pregnancy. It changes a little when the CDMA technology is used. Because the CDMA cell phone emits much less electromagnetic wa ve that the GSM phone. In another words, the opinion of health push the mobile phone industry move forward. In addition, considering of the agony of the parents, some company even start to create some low wave phone only for child.3.3.2 Safety problem for driversProved by some convinced evidence that the risk of making calls is four time higher than normal rate13. And some scientists have said that talking on the mobile phone may decrease one forth of the reactive ability, and some important calls will decrease half of it. Therefore, it is to say that the mobile phone can be seen as a new killer on the road. Both the public and the government are all paying much attention on it. In some countries, the governments even announced the legal clauses in order to forbid the mobile phone using while driving, such as UK. Although, that Chinese government has not put it into legal level, it still thinks highly of this. The penalty should be hand in when using the phone while driving. On the other hand, it gives the accessories a good chance to develop. A lot of speakers which are based on the Bluetooth technology are widely used now, and the manufacturers of the accessories are exactly the same as the mobile phone maker.Source I Research Inc.From the figure 5, which is shown higher up, it can be seen that in China, the users of the mobile, who are under the age of 24, stand a high percentage in the users. And for most of the people, they are right at the studying age under 24. According to the announcement by Jupiter Research, it is noted that the age of users is becoming younger and younger15. Therefore, many people are worrying about the effect of the mobile phone to the education. The smart mobile phone already provides lots of functions, such as short messages, MP3, MP4, YouTube, games and so on. They may all become the effect to the tincture of the education, which are all worried by the parents.3.3.4 take away of communication and daily lifeNowadays, the mobi le phone seems an indispensable thing in the daily life. With the help of it, people can connect to others and be frame by somebody else as well. And the mobile phone brings new place for people to connect with each other (Kopomaa, 2000)16. It is an important invention which makes the world littler like a village. And people all relay on it. Not only using the function of making telephone call, but also as a part of entertainment. Some people who relay too much on it even have a problem, which is named mobile dependency syndrome17. And these people will feel anxious when they left their phone somewhere. It shows how much people relay on the mobile phone today. For parents, they may consider that the child will be easily to be connected with the mobile phone (Manuel, 2007)18. It is to say the cell phone can be seen as a part of security system.3.4 proficient environment3.4.1 3G technologyIt is well known that the third generation technology is running in China. Although maybe the o perators get the most profit, it is still a good chance for the mobile phone manufactories to development themselves. From the eighties in the last century when cell phones start to use in the public, then comes to the second generation (2G). Now, 3G is coming. Every movement of the tech gives a chance of the mobile phone industry to grow. Currently, every manufacturer is trying their best to produce the new cell phone which can be using in the 3G network.3.4.2 The development of electronic technologyMobile phone industry can also be seen as a part of the electronic technology. And the development of the electronic technology will push the mobile phone manufacturers to produce a higher level product. As it is known the famous Moores Law19give the public a general idea about how fast the hardware develops. And the software maybe grows even faster. It is an information time. The development of hardware and software makes the mobile phone update and the development will never stop.3.5 SummaryIn this part, the report analyzes the external environment of the mobile phone industry in China. According to the situation of China, it is known that the Chinese Government has strong policy guidance. Therefore, the report uses a mount of words to justify the political environment. And due to the words limitation, other parts just give out a general idea. However, from these information, it can be seen that people strike mobile phone, the growth of economy makes people have ability to buy mobile phone, and the mobile update are trying to meet the need of them. So although there are still some problems that exist now, the whole external environment is still pushing the mobile phone manufacturers to an excellent direction. The future for them is bright.4. Porters Five Forces compendThe operating environment is what the companies can do themselves to influence the environment. By using porters Five Forces Analysis method, this report will analyze the mobile phone manufactur er in five parts. These are entrants, substitutes, buyers, suppliers and competitors. It helps to identify the competition environment of a certain industry20. And in this part, the analysis will mainly point to the top three companies which are hold the top three market share of the mobile phone users in China. They are Nokia, Motorola and Samsung. In addition, the stated-owned bran, Lenovo may be mentioned as an additional company, which is the sixth largest market share holder in China.4.1 The threat of entryConsidering to the theory by Porter (1980)21, the new entrants need to think about the barriers. As it is known that the high tech industry, just like the mobile phone industry, always has high added value. The high profit always attracts more and more companies try to entre to this industry. In China, the main threats are from three parts. They are the large kinsfolk appliances enterprises, the small private enterprises, and the IT giant.From figure 2, it can be seen that a bout 19.8% of the market share are holding by some other not famous company. And except Nokia, most of the companies dont have obvious superiority in holding the marketing share, even as well-known as Motorola and Samsung. So excluding the top three, other companies include Dopod, Sony-Ericsson, Lenovo, Philips, Haier, Gionee, BlackBerry, Apple Inc., BenQ-Siemens, CECT, Sharp, LG, NEC, OPPO and so on.Year 1999 is usually seen as the first year of Chinese Mobile phone starting. In this year, the government starts to issue the license to private companies. They are TCL, Konka, Panda, Haier and Bird22. or so of them are large household appliances enterprises. They try to use their influence of household electrical appliances industry to open the mobile phone market. And from the currently research, most of them are not that successful. Although they have enough capital to operate this business, they have a big technical disadvantage.Starting from the 21st century, some small private e nterprises in the southeast part of China start to assemble cell phone by their own. They do not need to research and develop the technology, but only try to make the analogous style products which already exist in the market. The low harm makes them alive.The third part is the IT giant, such as Microsoft, Google and so on. There are convinced report said that these two companies will try to run the mobile phone business. And Google has already issued G1. Microsoft will also issue a smart phone in June. It seems they will try to use the software advantage to open a market in this field.4.2 Threat of substitute productsAll the companies in an industry are competing, and the companies which make substitute products may be involved in this23. For the substitute products may reduce the need of the other products24. The main function of the mobile phone is still to call and connect to others. Therefore, the substitute products are just related to this part. Although the mobile phone is widely used in China for only about 10 years, the life has been changed a lot by it. It is first used just as a part of supplementary to the frosty telephone. And it can also be seen as a substitute product to fixed telephone. In addition, in the last several years, Personal Hand-phone System (PHS)25is very popular, and it also can be seen as a kind of substitutes to the mobile phone.As it has been mentioned in the former part, health problem is always considered by the public. But some coition reports has already clarified that there is no convinced evidence to prove that the mobile phone gives out bad effect to health.From figure 6, it can be easily found out that the number of fixed telephone started decrease since year 2007. And the penetration rate went down at the same time. It is obvious that the development of mobile phone influences a lot to the fixed telephone. And the users of PHS are going down sharply as well.Therefore, to figure out the reason, we should know the ad vantages and disadvantages of both sides. For the fixed telephone, the advantage is cheap expenditure, and so is the PHS phone. But the fixed telephone is inconvenient. It can not be used outside. The PHS phone deal with the weakness of the fixed telephone, however, it can be used just in a certain area. It can not be used for travelling, and the signal is not very good. On the other hand, the price of mobile phone and the using expense becomes cheaper. The communication network becomes much snap off than before. Therefore, in the competition, the mobile phone stands in a better position.4.3 Bargaining power of buyersThe most important measures of the bargaining power of buyers are the volume and the focus of the costumers (Porter, 1980)26. In my opinion, the main mobile phone buyers are the direct user, the network operator and the retail agency.It is obvious that there are too many products in the market, which are provided by different company. So trying to get the own method t o hold the costumers become an important point. And it is noted that the relationship between the company and user, and trying to build the brand loyalty are key points to be successful (Mats, 2002)27.4.3.1 Buyer volumeBuyers in the mobile phone industry are various. For the direct users, they only buy the ones used by their own. But for the retailers and the network operators, they usually buy a large amount of products. Therefore, it should be analyzed separately. To be specific, these retailers and the network operators have a certain power in bargaining.4.3.2 Switching costEvery mobile phone manufacturers usually can provide products which are with similar functions. So the quality of the after-sale services and the quality of the products are very important. Therefore, the costumers can buy the cell phone in a similar style either from Nokia or Motorola. But for retailers and the operators, the switching cost is very high. Because nobody can imagine that China Mobile do not sel l any cell phone made by Nokia, or a Nokia retailer only sells Motorolas products.4.3.3 Price sensitivityIn the opinion of most people, mobile phone is not a small amount of expense. Therefore, the direct users will compare the similar products from different companies, and choose the best one. Usually, for the normal people (direct users) they will not buy a phone just because the price becomes low. But, for the retailers and the operators, it is different. Most of the cell phones have their own life cycle. When a new one is issued, it is usually not sensitive to the price, and the price will stay at a high level. But after this period, it becomes a little sensitive.4.4 Bargaining power of suppliersTo make a cell phone, seven steps are required normally, which are industry design, mechanical design, hardware, software, project management, sourcing and quality assurance. All these steps should be done to make a mobile phone, but not all of them can be done by the manufacturer. For e xample, the software part, most of the manufacturers dont have the transparent of it. Therefore, cooperation is needed. Then Nokia uses Symbian system, and Motorola use Linux system.As it is known that now most of the phones which are widely use in China are based on GSM and CDMA system. However, for most of the mobile phone manufacturers, they do not have the patent to produce these systems. And they need to get support from the patent holders. For example, Qualcomm, which holds the patent in CDMA area, sells CDMA chips lonely and in a high price. And some other kinds of hardware and software which are used in make cell phone are in the similar condition. The mobile phone manufacturers do not have enough power for these patent holders. Therefore, in my opinion, it would be a better choice to build an alliance to move together.4.5 Rivalry among existing competitorsIt is noted that the rivalry which is the most obvious and important one in the five forces, will help to measure the w hole industry (Porter, 1980). In this part, the rivalries are divided into two parts, the one which is between large makers and small makers, and the one among large makers.4.5.1 Rivalry between large makers and small makersThe largest mobile maker in China is Nokia, which hold about 40% of the market share. And then comes Motorola and Samsung, but the superior of them are not as obvious as that of Nokia. Additionally, Dopod, Sony-Ericsson and Lenovo are not far behind them. All of these companies which are mentioned above are all can be seen as large makers. The same points of them are obvious. They all have a large scale, the entire R D and production line, with well-known brand, and so on. On the other side, the small makers have a small scale, with unknown brand. And usually the small makers do not have an entire R D line. The most attractive point of the products, which are made by the small makers, is cheap. And the large makers usually use high quality and promotion strateg y to catch the costumer.4.5.2 Rivalry among largest makersAs mentioned, Nokia is the world largest manufacturer of the mobile phone. The market share of it is about 40% in 2008. Nokia tries its best to keeping the volumes both in high level market by using smart phone, such as N series, and in the low level market by using some classic phone, such as 1100 and so on. The high quality, especially the strong body of the cell phone is seen as the most important advantage. Motorola is famous for the Linux system. By using this free system, the profit and the price can have a balance level. It is the second market share holder which even owns a higher market share than Samsung, which is the second largest market share holder around the world. Samsung is focus on the business phone, so the price may be a little higher, but the quality and the powerful battery are the reason for it to earn a high market share. Sony-Ericsson is also very popular, especially for the young people, although it doesnt hold a large market share. Its cell phones are well designed to be covered a beautiful, and with a high level music and camera function. However, they are not very durable.From the competitors, who are mentioned above, I think the rivalry in this industry is very intensive. The price reduce of one product will lead to a chain reaction in the whole industry. Each company in the market has its own ability to live and own it profit.4.6 SummaryPorters Five Forces Analysis Method determines the profit potential of this industry. The bargaining of both buyers and the suppliers are strong. Although the profit of this industry is seen in a high level, more and more competitive entrants will make the rivalry more intensive.5. ConclusionThis report analyzes the mobile phone manufactory in China. It uses PEST method to measure the

Film Review King Arthur

Film Review ability ArthurFilm Review nance ArthurThe moving picture I will be reviewing is called King Arthur. King Arthur is from the action large genre and is a brilliant well put to go awayher delineation which will help many audiences in many ways and would be retract to sell. I will a c atomic number 18 include a historical context showing how King Arthur was related to the Roman infringement of Britain and how it also affected the percentages snarly.The manufacturing business of the film is Jerry Bruckheimer. The actors that star in the film are Clive Owen as king Arthur, Keira sawhorseley as Guinevere, Ray Winstone as Bors, Ioan Gruffudd as Lancelot Stellan Skarsgrd, Stephen Dillane.Clive Owen has a reputation for providing top clear films. Back in 1990, he performed as the wisecracking, sharp-suited wheeler-dealer Stephen Crane in the hit show Chancer he was described as the hottest thing on TV.Keira Knightley also has a reputation for providing top films such as her earliest Bend It like Beckham to in 2003 Pirates of the Caribbean. After performing in those still all 18 she also preformed in Love Actually and then continued Pirates of the Caribbean.From this we can see that all the actors and actresses are excellent and great performers so therefore my expectations only followed by their reputation.The film is all about King Arthur and the Knights of the bit Table. It came out in 2004 and lasts for 140 minutes.There is a lot of hi yarn of this film as King Arthur is a legend. Similar to Robin Hood King Arthur has many different versions such as an older version and this newer version.In my opinion the film is a great one attracting a wide audience of historians, people with an interest in King Arthur and action packed viewers.King Arthur is believed by nigh as a myth merely most believe he was a real king and that he really did make England proud. This film is tempered around 409 A.D. This condemnation was when the Roman Empire con trolled most of Britain. King Arthur, who is partly Roman and an ally to Rome, was mainly British and loved his country that e very combat in this film he would fight would be for him and his knights of the round tables exemption. As an go forment all theseBritish villages had to send their children and some adults to fight for Rome. Similar to subscription and they had to attend a certain amount of time where they would earn their freedom. Later on subsequently a fewer years in around 410 A.D the Roman invasion had ended because Rome had redrawn from Britain due to other opposing enemies and also due to the attack of the Saxons and Scots.The film begins with a well worded description of the legend of King Arthur which reads Historians agree that the classical 15th Century King Arthur and his knights rose from a similar individual who lived in a period often called the shabbiness Ages. The picture comes awake with a Roman army on horseback often called the Praetorian an elite roman horseback army. The beginning of the film is very important because it sets the diorama to what the whole film is about which in this case is about the Roman Britain Empire and its connection with King Arthur. We see at the fountain a map which shows how far the Roman Empire extended which was from Saudi Arabia to Britain and this is a happen upon point in understanding why Rome called for King Arthur and his knights to carry out so many missions. The reason being that Rome was not satisfied with their land they kept on exigencying more(prenominal) and more so leaders like King Arthur were sent on missions to keep the Empire tough. This shows the outline of the film and the reason as to what the film is about. matchless key point that we carte in the film is that Lancelot who is one of Arthurs knights is the narrator and speaks in 1st person I was such a son he said when at the start the roman army came to recruit him on the grounds similar to conscription. So he was of f to fight for Rome.Then the horizon changes and we see King Arthur as a young boy who is presented as a bright future leader both wealthy and important as we can tell by his freedom of movement. Arthur sees the young knights including Lancelot on horseback and asks who they are and he is told they may someday be his knights little does he jazz that one day they will. This is a use of dramatic irony as we know it is to happen by the role of Lancelot as one of his knights but the character himself is unaware.After this scene there is a gap which says 15 years later then they are all shown as grown men and we notice that there conscription was supposed to be for 15 years therefore the director lives the audience to find this out for themselves. Then we see the characters for the first time as men and their first mission is to protect the bishop from the forest Woads who pigeon hawk (an old friend of Arthurs) leads. The Woads attack some Roman troops so Arthur and his knights railway yard to the scene and upon arrival witness the deaths of these Roman soldiers. The Knights take up their swords and fight off the Woads for now as Merlin looks on from the forest. After the attack the Bishop appears gone with an arrow straight through his head however Arthur spots it is not the bishop but a fake. The real Bishop appears and they talk about the great Samaritan Knights that Arthur leads.After they stimulate at the castle where all the knights expect their freedom from the subscription that they are bound to. However the Bishop revels that the pope has one more mission for them and all of the knights including King Arthur turn away after 15 long years of fighting however the mission is to rescue the popes favourite godchild and pupil so therefore on their last day of subscription they must go on this mission. As to be expected all the Knights dont want to go but after a talk from King Arthur unwillingly for Arthur they approve.So after the disapproval of the missio n the scene changes and we see who the knights will come up against. Saxons from the north. They were very strong at the time and the opposition to the Romans. When Rome left in 410 A.D it was the Saxons that took over England. We then see the Saxons killing innocent women. This demonstrates the brutality of the Saxons.Then the Knights get on their horseback and ride off towards their mission. They cut through the forest where they are being tracked by Merlins knights. Aware of the movement of the Saxons Merlin traps Arthur and the Knights in the forest and they agree to fight the Saxons together.After reaching their mission point they find Alecto the godchild of the pope. Arthur finds a secret door blocked up and his Knight uses his axe to break it down. Inside they find injured Woad. The Woad is called Guinevere who by legend is the eventually the wife of King Arthur therefore this is an important step because this is the entrance of a main character played by Keira Knightley.Afte r a disagreement with the townsman leader the father of Alecto the knights take off away from the Saxons. The Saxons continue to get closer and closer. Then they reach the ice and they finally intercept with the Saxons. Ready and prepared to fight the main scene unfolds. The odds start at 7 Samaritan knights against 200 Saxons.The fight starts with the 7 using their long bows to cut off the wings of the 200 it forces them to stay together putting more weight on the ice eventually the ice begins to break however their out of range and the ice hasnt broken. Dagenot one of the knights runs forward with his axe and breaks the ice covered by the other 6 with their longbows. Unfortunately he is shot with arrows 3 times and dies however their mission is a success in one way but a loss in another.The next scene begins back at the castle where they are greeted by the Bishop who is happy to see Alecto. They are given their freedom but Bors and all the others are unhappy due to the loss of Dag anot. They buried Daganot and looked on in a sad manner.Then we see the final scene which is where the Saxons hold risen to Hadrians Wall and are ready to attack the Emperor and the knights. However the Romans are leaving and the knights are free but King Arthur says he must stay and fight. None of the knights stay but when they see the bravery of Arthur on his own they race to back up.Then the first Saxon army attack behind the castle gates therefore the Saxon leader cant see who is winning and only a few of his army come out and they believe there was only six knights however the Woads have joined and they all worked together and Arthur was there leader. The final Saxon army attacked and lost to King Arthur in a great battle and casualties were lost such as Bors and Lancelot which who were two of Arthurs Samaritan knights. Also the narrator was Lancelot so we notice it is told by a character that later dies this is a technique to have a greater influence of understanding the time s of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.The battle ends and Arthur wins and they bury the dead and Lancelots request to be cremated takes place. The film ends as Guinevere and Arthur get married and Britain is in safe hands.My opinions of the movie are that it is a good exciting film. The film is entertaining and the storyline keeps the audience in suspense. some other good opinion of the film is that the historical context makes the audience want to see the film because they want to know more about Roman British Empire so they are more likely to see the film. One part I like is where at the start the knights defeat the Woads even though there are only a few knights. I like this part because it makes the knights look strong and therefore impresses me as the audience. Another part I liked is when Daganot takes his axe and destroys the ice so that the Saxons cant vitiate the line. However I found this sad because Daganot gets killed in this part of the film. Another acti on packed part is the last scene where there is a vast battle. This scene is action packed and therefore entertaining in the film. Compared to films like Gladiator this film is better because it gives a more historical outlook on the film. Therefore I think it is more successful and more entertaining.I think in the film that when the character of Lancelot died it was disappointing because historians know that he was a great warrior therefore the way he died was unexpected and I believe it was better to keep him alive. Therefore if I was directing the film I would have not killed off Lancelot however I like the way that the character of Daganot was killed because he was made to look like a hero. The character I am critical of is Guinevere because in the story of King Arthur she was supposed to be a high class lady from a good family however in this story she is presented as Woad like a rebel whom I think is unrealistic and completely changes the character. Therefore I dislike the ch aracter.The split which are successful are the opening scene where the few knights fight many Woads. This is successful because it sets the tone of the film and lets the audience know how skilled the knights are and how they grew up to become knights. Another part which is successful is where Daganot smashes open the door with an axe. This is successful because it allows the audience to see how strong the knights are again and also get the audience more involved to see what is inside because the breaking down of the door is like footsteps of a massive army because the audience wants to see what will happen next. Therefore in both ways it is successful.In conclusion I recommend the film and would give it 8 out of 10. The reasons for this are because it is a successful film in the way it attracts and entertains the audience such as the start where the knights fight many Woads. It is an interesting film where there is a great historical context such as the history and leadership of Ki ng Arthur himself and Roman Britain. The reason I would only give the film an 8 out of 10 is because there were parts I disliked such as that Lancelot got killed and that Guinevere was made to look different then the real story. Therefore in conclusion I would give the film an 8 out of 10 and recommend it to people as a good film because it has many good features and covers the historical part of King Arthur as well as the entertaining action packed fighting in the film therefore I recommend it.

Fresh Water Turtles :: science

Fresh Water TurtlesFresh Water turtles are small, yet amazing creatures to adopt and armorial bearing for in your home. River Cooters, Red Eared Sliders, and Painted turtles are all common pets found in America. Though turtles are fun to view as around they do require special care just like any other pet would. In most cases they make great pets and turtles arent the easiest pets to have so depending on your lifestyle you should think ab step up how much time youre exiting to put into a turtle. They are commonly cheap to buy yet the equipment for your turtle can get expensive. Along with cost you must find the time to put into this pet. They need nice aim ups to live in as well as attention and proper handling. A turtles habitat is vital for their health. Depending on the size and typewrite of turtle you need to make sure you have an adequate home for it. If you decide to discover the turtle inside you need a large marine museum, no smaller than 20 gallons and if you have a baby turtle this will allow a little more room for growth so it will last you a bit longer than a smaller aquarium would. Filters are needed for this aquarium so you do not have to sponge it out every day. A clean aquarium is very important for the turtles health. Water turtles like to bask out of the water in the sun or under an Ultraviolet (UV) light, which provides the same effect as the sun would, so for this you need a place they can climb out and bask. This is also so they can rest from swimming in the water. These basking rocks, or even floating cork for younger turtles, are very important, they have to have a place to bask and get out of the water. Yet if you decide to keep it outside be sure to provide a place to bask, spile of water, filters, and a covering so other predators can not harm or eat your turtle. Equipment will be different for indoors or outdoors. If you keep your turtle indoors be sure that it can occasionally get fresh air and sun light, but do not keep a n aquarium next to a window Also, make sure your aquarium or pond is clean, this is extremely important to maintain good health for the turtle and provides them with a clean habitat.

Explain Essay example -- Drama

ExplainExplain the importance of the Magic If and Given Circumstances toStanislavskis psychotic technique. Refer to any practical examples thatwill help justify this.MR GROGAN H/WIn this essay I will be explaining the work we have been doingrecently during this term and the relevance to our study ofStanislavskis psycho technique. I will be outlining how his psyches ofthe Magic If and Given Circumstances contribute to the importanceof this technique.Stanislavski had several ideas about how to achieve a sense of innerand outer(a) truth in terms of his shell, one being the charming if. Ifis a word which mess transform our thoughts through it we can imagineourselves in most any situation. If I suddenly becamewealthy... If I were vacationing on the Caribbean Island... If Ihad great talent... If that person who insulted me comes near meagain... The word if becomes a powerful lever for the sagaciousness it hasthe ability to lift us out of ourselves a give us a sense of absolutecerta inty about imaginary circumstances. The answer to these elementaryquestions can be a springboard to creativity and inspiration, becauseit allows the actor to realize the fact that, he is living out afictional life, a apologue of the writers conceit, with stage sets andprops that are not real life homes and settings. When we first look atthe Magic If, Stanislavski makes us aware that a performing actor essential logically justify his actions in consistency with real life.Therefore he must act under his passions in character and not playwith them, playing internally and externally with completerationalization. By using the Magic If the actor is granting himselfpermission to believe in these imaginary objects, it allows theactor to transfer himself from the world of naive realism to the world inwhich dreative work can me done.Based on the idea of The Magic If we used this idea to draw from ourown experiences and imagination to get into character for a recentspeech, that each of u s had been given to learn. To get into mycharacter, Puck from A Midsummer Nights Dream, I used the idea ofthe Magic If to arouse my imagination, consequently entering thesoul of my character, allowing myself o from a creative belief withintheir minds eye. Through asking myself questions, presenting myselfwith possible obstacles and... ... tree, describingin occurrence exactly what he saw. What was happening? This allowed theactor to awaken the senses, to be made aware of the circumstances hewas in, the smell, the sights, the weather, and therefore open up theimagination to set the circumstances and reasons behind why the storyis happening for example why they are having a picnic- because it is ahot day etc. The actor can imagine and convey to Stanislavski hisaccount (as an oak tree) uninterrupted series of visual images,maintaining the idea of artistic stage reality though.The given circumstances and magic if of the psycho-technique liven actors they bring out emotions whilst trai ning their artisticsense of belief. Both make them aware and surround them with the worldcreated by the writer or director. It also provides imagination andthe ability to explore the world with the ability to understand thereasons for the given circumstances. The given circumstances arethe set of boundaries you are given as an actor, the magic ifhelping you develop an understanding for the role you are playing andmaintain it, both inspiring the justified imagination and spirit ofthe character.